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3. General presentation

Talaat A. Ahmed, H. Tsujimoto and T. Sasakuma* (Kihara Inst Biol Res and Graduate School Integrated Sci, Yokohama City Univ; *sasakuma@yokohama-cu.ac.jp)
Genetic basis of heterosis as revealed by QTL analysis in hexaploid wheat

66 F₈ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and T. spelta var. duhamelianum (Sp) were backcrossed to CS. Six quantitative traits were phenotyped on the RILs and backcrossed lines to examine heterosis for mid-parents. QTL analysis was conducted by using heterosis data as well as an RFLP map based on the RILs. 23 QTLs for heterosis were detected. Among them the heterozygotes of 15 QTLs (65.2 %) were superior to their respective homozygotes. Epistasis analysis was also conducted for all possible interactions of marker pairs, and all traits showed significant interactions. These results suggest that both dominance and epistasis are the genetic sources for heterosis in hexaploid wheat.

K. Hori, H. Tsujimoto and T. Sasakuma* (Kihara Inst Biol Res and Graduate School of Integrated Sci, Yokohama City Univ; *sasakuma@yokohama-cu.ac.jp)
Comparative QTL analysis of hexaploid wheat

We produced the recombinant inbred lines (RILs) between artificial synthetic wheat ABD-4 (T. carthlicum x Ae. squarrosa) and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. For construction of a linkage map, we detected 121 RFLP markers and investigated genotype segregation in 35 loci. We analyzed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on 11 morphological and 5 physiological traits. The single marker analysis detected several QTLs, on each trait. Comparison of the linkage map and detected QTLs with those analyzed in another set of RILs between CS and T. spelta will reveal genotype specificity and universal performance of QTLs in hexaploid wheat.

Y. Morisaki and Y. Furuta* (Dept Agr, Gifu Univ; *furutay@cc. gifu - u.ac.jp)
Properties of seed fertility between central vs lateral spikelets in Hordeum bulbosum

The wild barley species, Hordeum bulbosum has some specific characteristics, 1) induction of haploid plant in both, wheat and barley by bulbosum-chromosome elimination in hybrid zygotes after fertilization with pollen of this species, 2) presence of autotetraploid as well as diploid, 3) vegetative propagation by bulbs formed in lowest internodes, 4) complete seed sterility in spite of normal or fertile anthers in lateral spikelets. This report deals with comparative anatomical and external morphological analysis and crossability with respect to complete female sterility in lateral spikelets in Hordeum bulbosum.

K. Kakeda (Fac Bioresour, Mie Univ; kakeda@bio.mie-u.ac.jp)
The two-locus self-incompatibility in Hordeum bulbosum

Self-incompatibility in Hordeum bulbosum (2x) is controlled by two multiallelic: loci, S and Z. Molecular analysis of the Hordeum thioredoxin-like (HTL) gene that is homologous to the gene closely linked to the S locus of the grass Phalaris coerulescens (Aveneae) confirmed that HTL is also linked to the S locus in H. bulbosum. Further linkage analyses using RFLP markers mapped near the S or Z locus of rye showed that the chromosomal region encompassing each locus would be conserved between Hordeum and Secale. Recent progress toward the cloning of S and Z genes from H. bulbosum using the AMF method is reported.

M. Takaoka* and H. Hirano (Kihara Inst Biol Res, Yokohama City Univ; *tmotoko@yokohama-cu.ac.jp)
Proteome analysis of wheat endosperm

The wheat seed proteins are known to have different properties from the other cereal and the legume seed proteins in various aspects. The diagonal gel electrophoresis using non-dissociated condition in the first dimension and dissociated condition in the second dimension showed that there are few proteins which have interdisulfide bonds in the seeds. Even the high molecular weight subunits of glutenin have only intradisulfide bonds in vivo, but not interdisulfide bonds. The solubility of wheat seed proteins is also characteristic. We are interested in proteomic analysis of the functions of all wheat proteins with such unique properties in the seeds. As the first step of the analysis, a number of the seed proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and characterized peptide mass-fingerprinting.

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