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Results and
discussion
A. First hybrid generation (F1)
The winter common wheat MBX-11-7 (Bezostaya 1 x No.13) with a solid
stem and possessing high resistance to Cephus pygmaeus L.
(Tsvetkov 1973) developed by us was used in the transfer of the solid
stem from T. aestivum in triticale (2n=42).
In our investigation the winter common wheat MBX-11-7 was crossed
with the shortstemmed triticale T-AD-17-B, a hollow stemmed line.
Only one hybrid plant was produced in F1 with indication
No.477 (MBX-11-7 x T-AD-17-B) because of the high inviability of the
hybrid seed, due to the common wheat mother component. The hybrid
plant had a height of 104.0 cm (degree of dominance of+1.17) and very
long spikes (incomplete dominant inheritance +0.69) (Table1).
The most valuable quality of the hybrid plant of the cross No. 477
was the solid stein in all internodes of the tillers. It was found
that the solid stem of MBX-11-7 winter soft wheat was inherited
dominantly in F1 crossing with the 42- chromosome
triticale T-AD-17-B (Fig.1).
In concerning of wheat Putnam (1942) also found that the solid stem
was determinated by one dominant gene in tetraploid crosses. From
other side Goytia Y Angulo et al (1935) discovered that this
character was inherited by two recessive genes. Specially in wheat
almost all attempts with the aim of transferring stern solidity of
T. durum to T. aestivum evoked great
difficulties. Yamashita (1937) and later Matsumura (1947) and Larson
(1952) found a gene on chromosome XX (2D), which depressed genes for
solid stem in A and B genomes. Platt and Larson (1944) did not
succeed to transfer completely the solid stem from T. durum
(cv. Golden Ball) into T. aestivum. They explained this with
the gene OD, which inhibit the genes, responsible for the
solid stem. The monosomic analysis, made by Larson and McDonald
(1959) found that the gene OD was located on the
chromosome XX (2D).
Investigations showed that the hybrid plant with solid stem from the
cross No. 477 (MBX-11-7 x T-AD-17- B) were distinguished for a lot of
high meiotic disturbances F1 reaching 96.80% compared to
43.96% for the male parent from male T-AD-17-B and 2.22% for the
female parent from female MBX-11-7.
With the aim to improve the fertility and earliness of the hybrid
plant with a solid stem from the cross No. 477 (MBX-11-7 x T-AD-17-B)
a repeated crossing already was done with the Mexican high- fertile
triticale AD-No.11 (Maya II-ARM"S") with a hollow stem and high
resistant to rust and powdery mildew. Again only one normal hybrid
plant was produced in F1. The same had a comparatively
short stem, very long spikes, improved fertility and a high
resistance to rust and powdery mildew. The hybrid plant from the
repeated crossing of F1 was registered with the breeding
number T-AD-592. One of its valuable quality was the solid stem in
the all internodes. Ninety hybrid grains were obtained which were
planted for a further breeding work (Table1).
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