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Ae. squarrosa var. strangulata x T. boeoticum No.3
Due to the large aneuploid variation, seed-setting is decreased to about 60-65% compared to the first amphiploid which shows fertility of 75-90%. Powdery mildew resistance depends on the plant chromosome number.

Ae. squarrosa var. strangulata x Haynaldia villosa
The amphiploid shows a very high resistance to diseases. Its crossability to wheat is of a good level. The seed-setting varies from 15 to 60% in the reciprocal F₁ hybrids (Spetsov 1988a). Using the amphiploid in crosses to wheat, disomic addition lines (2n = 44) have been obtained. An alien addition pair of telocentric chromosomes produces high resistance to powdery mildew and does not affect the phenotype and fertility of plants.

Tetraploid triticale
The amphiploid has been obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale to tetraploid rye (Sabeva 1985). It shows a high level of meiotic stability (about 4-5% aneuploids in the progeny), high tillering, short stem and protein content of 22-24%. It is thought that this triticale possesses equal number of wheat and rye chromosomes.
No data are available for disease resistance.


2. Amphiploids with 2n=42

T. boeoticum No.1 x T. dicoccum var. Khapli-III
T. dicoccum var. Khapli-III was obtained from the cross of T. dicoccum to tetraploid rye. It is assumed that some introgression occurred between them, because the Khapli-III line looks like T. dicoccum, but differs in its complicated spikelet that usually forms 3-4 seeds instead of two.
The amphiploid shows high self-fertility, large grain size, normal crossability to wheat, and resistance to fungal pathogens. The latter character dominates in F₁ hybrids with common wheat. Amphiploid seeds are available from the reciprocal cross-combination.

T. dicoccum var. KhapIi-III x Ae. squarrosa var. strangulata
This looks like common wheat, having normal meiosis, self-fertility and crossability to wheat. When the amphiploid is pollinated by T. aestivum cv. 'Michigan Amber' and the alloplasmic line (Ae. longissima)-'Siete Cerros 66', the seed-setting is normal. No seeds have been obtained in the reciprocal combination where pollen comes from the amphiploid. Preliminary data show that pollen does not germinate on stigmas. The amphiploid possesses high levels of fungal resistance.

T. timopheevi var. typica x Ae. squarrosa var. strangulata
This is characterized by normal seed germination, winter hardness and high resistance to mildew and rusts (Savov 1978). The amphiploid is used in the wheat breeding programme at IWS-General. Toshevo for transferring disease resistance.

T. timopheevi M-1 x Ae. squarrosa var. strangulata
The amphiploid differs from the above mentioned one by the use of T. timopheevi mutant line (M-1). This line shows high fungal resistance and protein content (26.5%) in comparison to the normal timopheevi form. The M-1 is a free-threshing line, with a more productive spike and shorter, elastic stem.
The amphiploid shows high fungal and cold resistance. Under code number H-68/44, it was involved in crosses to wheat for incorporation the resistance to fungi, and showing high combining ability (Spetsov 1988a, Mihova et al 1990). The F₁ hybrids are fertile when the amphiploid is used as a pollen donor.

T. polonicum x T. boeoticum
This looks phenotypically like T. polonicum, showing high powdery mildew resistance. The grain is large and elongated.

Hexaploid triticale
The first hexaploid triticale in Bulgaria was created at IWS-General. Toshevo by crossing T. durum line No.13 and a winter rye No.58 (Popov and Tsvetkov 1970). Many triticale forms have been obtained later as initial material for triticale breeding. The first releasing of hexaploid triticale variety 'Perun' was in 1979 (Baeva 1981). In 1983-90 period, several varieties, ' Vihren' and 'Persenk' for grain production and 'Belitsa-1' for green crop were introduced into agriculture (Tsvetkov 1989).

T. durum x Ae. speltoides
This seems to be genetically unstable, showing a low spike fertility. A study is in progress to determine its resistance to fungi.

T. turanicum x T. timopheevi
The amphiploid is a free-threshing form, having long awned spikes with large and elongated grains. It possesses high fungal and cold resistance.

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