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--- Can we be contented with
what has been achieved in wheat production?
Over last few years. the achieved level of mean yields of wheat in
Yugoslavia is stagnating and falling behind other European countries,
while our objective is to produce about 6 million tons per year,
maintaining the present acreages under wheat. The science and the
profession are now facing the task to further increase mean yield of
wheat. New varieties are created with which production of 6 million
tons can be achieved. However, we have wheat varieties whose high
genetic yield potential (over 10 t/ha) is not fully used. On social
sector, this potential is used on the average up to 50% (on some
state farms 60-70%). On private farms genetic yield potential is used
considerably less (up to 30-35%). It is here where big reserves for
even higher production lie.
The production achieved today, however, does not meet the needs and
the problem of wheat still remains to be solved. The solution is
complex and it consists of several factors, of which the most
important are seeding rate, seeding data, use of mineral fertilizers,
with an emphasis on nitrogen component, soil reclamation, the price
of the produce etc.
To be able to achieve quality and stable yield of wheat grain, one of
the basic conditions is to use quality seed of a variety, processed
and treated against fungal diseases and soil pests. Also, just as
important is to ensure disease and pest control during vegetation (by
using fungicides and insecticides). One of obligatory measures is
weed control by applying herbicides. Attention should be paid to
rational fertilization with mineral fertilizers especially nitrogen
component, without which high yields are not possible, because new
high-yielding semi-dwarf varieties have strongly manifested
requirements in nitrogen (Danojevic, Tomasovic, 1989; Tomasovic,
1986, 1989).
Literature Cited
Danojevic M, Tomasovic S (1989) ZG-Sorte s posebnim osvrtom na
ovogodisnje rezultate makropokusa u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Poljoprivredni pregled Godina XXXI 1, 2, 3, 37-39.
Tomasovic S (1986) Ostvarenja u oplemenjivanju Zg-psenica. ozimog
tipa. Bilten "Poljodobra" 2: 19-24.
Tomasovic S (1986) Psenica za intenzivnu tehnologiju. Sortiment
ozimih Zg-psenica s osvrtom na otpornost prema bolesti palezi klasa
(Fusarium graminearum Schw.). Gospodarski list Br 19:
20-21.
Tomasovic S (1986) Najvaznija svojstva ozimih Zg-psenica s kratkim
osvrtom na otpornost prema Fusarium graminearum Schw.
Semenarstvo 9: 213-216.
Tomasovic S (1989) Important characters of "ZG" winter wheat with a
brief account of resistance to Fusarium graminearum Schw.
Annual Wheat Newsletter Vol 35: 207-209.
Tomasovic S (1989) Increase of genetic yield potential based on
higher kernel production per spike. Annual Wheat Newsletter Vol 35:
215.
Tomasovic S (1989) Visokorodne sorte psenice. Rad na oplemenjivanju
ozime psenice u Institutu za oplemen-jivanje i proizvodnju bilja
Fakultet poljoprivrednih znanosti u Zagrebu. Gospodarski list 17:
13-14.
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