| Autopolyploids and Amphidiploids Artificial autopolyploids of Triticum and amphidiploids of the hybrids between Triticum and Aegilops are as follows. Autopolyploids: T. aegilopoides var. boeoticum 4x, T. durum var. hordeiforme 8x and var. Reichenbachii 8x Amphidipoloids (Aegilotricum:): SlSlAA (Ae. longissima 4x x T. aegilopoides var. boeoticum 4x) SlSlAA (Ae. sharonensis 4x x T. aegilopoides var. boeoticum 4x ) AABBSS (Ae. sharonensis 4x x T. durum var. hordeiforme 8x) AAGGCuCu (T. Timopheevi x Ae. umbellulata) Synthesized 6x amphidiploids are described elsewhere. Among these amphidiploids, it will be necessary here to mention briefly about the amphidiploids SlSlAA. From the morphological point of view, the S group in Aegilops has certain characteristics of the B-genome commonly involved in Emmer and Dinkel wheats. However, the hybrids between the amphidiploid SlSlAA and T. durum (AABB), revealed only 7 bivalents, and were entirely sterile. This indicates that the A-genomes of the parents are homologous each other, but the Sl-genome cannot be homologous to the B-genome. Induced autopolyploids and synthesized amphidiploids in Aegilops are as follows. Autopolyploids: Ae. longissima 4x, Ae. ovata 8x, Ae. uniaristata 4x, Ae. squarrosa 4x, Ae. bicornis 4x, Ae. sharonensis 4x, Ae. umbellulata 4x. Amphidiploids: SbSbDD (Ae. bicornis x Ae. squarrosa) CCCuCu (Ae. caudata x Ae. umbellulata) SlSlCuCu (Ae. sharonensis x Ae. umbellulata) SbSbCuCu (Ae. bicornis x Ae. umbellulata) MuMuCuCu (Ae. uviaristata x Ae. umbellulata) CuCuMuMu (Ae. umbellulata x Ae. uniaristata) CuCuSbSb (Ae. umbellulata x Ae. bicornis) MuMuDD (Ae. uniaristata x Ae. squarrosa) CuCuDD (Ae. umbellulata x Ae. squarrosa) All the polyploid Aegilops species are made up from the combinations of different genomes of the 9 analyzers 14 amphidiploids have been synthesized by Kihara and his collaborators, and 13 by Sears. Some of them are comparable to the spontaneous polyploid species. Namely, CD corresponds to Ae. cylindrica, DM to Ae. ventricosa, CCu to Ae. triuncialis, CuS to Ae. Kotschyi or Ae. variabilis, and CuM to tetraploid species, Ae. ovata, triaristata, columnaris and biuncialis. These synthesized amphidiploids resemble the corresponding species in nature. Furthermore, genomes of synthesized CCCuCu are completely homologous to those of Ae. triuncialis, and CuCuSlSl to Ae. variabilis or Kotschyi. |
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