| 1. Rules for Nomenclature and Symbolization of Genes A. NOMENCLATURE OF GENES I. Languages of higher internationality (e.g. English, Latin, etc.) are preferable for gene nomenclature. II. If, for some reason, a German, Greek, Russian or Japanese word is used in gene nomenclature, it is written in Roman letters. Examples: grun ; deformee ; erythros ; visaka ; oily ; matamukashi III. The name of a gene should be a noun, an adjective or a combination of both. Examples: albino ; white ; white egg B. SYMBOLIZATION OF GENES IV. The symbol should be such as will call to mind the characteristic of the corresponding gene. Examples: al (albino) ; pe (pink eye) V. The number of letters used in each symbol is preferably two. Single letter should be reserved for comparatively prominent genes. Examples: Dw (Dwarf) ; ch (chocolate) ; lg (1iguleless) ; D (Dicheate) ; I (Inhibitor) ; p (plain) VI. Polymeric genes are shown by adding Arabic numerals to the symbol designating primary characteristics. Different genes having similar manifestations are distinguished by adding one or more letters to a common symbol. Examples: R1, R2, R3 ; oa, oc, od, os, ow VII. In a symbol formed from a noun and an adjective, the letter representing the adjective preceeds the noun, or the latter is dropped. Examples: Rs (Red stem) ; al (planta albina) ; pk (pink cocoon) VIII. When symbols are chosen for mutant characters, the wild type is taken as the normal or standard form. In cases where the wild type is uncertain, the standard may be selected from the cultured types. If there is no cultured form, a more common wild type is selected as the standard. IX. The standard type is designated by +. If necessary, the symbol of the mutant is suffixed to +. Examples: +, +Gr (normal allelic gene to grey egg) ; +la (normal or erect gene against lazy) A recessive mutant is designated by small letters ; for a dominant mutant the first letter of the symbol is written in capital. Examples: ba (barbelss awn) ; Ze (zebra marking) X. Of multiple-allelic genes, the mutant gene discovered first is taken as basic. For other mutants, their discriminative letters are superscribed on the symbol of the basic gene. For the standard gene, the basic symbol is superscribed on +. Examples: p, pM, pS, +p; CB, CBp, CBr +c XI. Invisible lethal genes are represented by adding appropriate letters to l-. Examples: l-a ; l-1 XII . For different species or varieties which can be crossed easily and give rise to fertile hybrids, the same nomenclature and symbolization are used. |
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