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Reference Detail
| Reference | ||
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| Author | Piacentini D., Della Rovere F., Sofo A., Fattorini L., Falasca G., Altamura M.M. | |
| Title | Nitric Oxide Cooperates With Auxin to Mitigate the Alterations in the root system Caused by Cadmium and Arsenic. | |
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Abstract: <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. is a worldwide food-crop frequently growing in cadmium (Cd)/arsenic (As) polluted soils, with its root-system as the first target of the pollutants. root-system development involves the establishment of optimal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, also requiring the conversion of the IAA natural precursor indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) into IAA, causing nitric oxide (NO) formation. Nitric oxide is a stress-signaling molecule. In rice, a negative interaction of Cd or As with endogenous auxin has been demonstrated, as some NO protective effects. However, a synergism between the natural auxins (IAA and/or IBA) and NO was not yet determined and might be important for ameliorating rice metal(oid)-tolerance. With this aim, the stress caused by Cd/As toxicity in the root cells and the possible recovery by either NO or auxins (IAA/IBA) were evaluated after Cd or As (arsenate) exposure, combined or not with the NO-donor compound sodium-nitroprusside (SNP). root fresh weight, membrane electrolyte leakage, and H2O2 production were also measured. Moreover, endogenous IAA/IBA contents, transcription-levels of <i>OsYUCCA1</i> and <i>OsASA2</i> IAA-biosynthetic-genes, and expression of the IAA-influx-carrier <i>OsAUX1</i> and the IAA-responsive <i>DR5::GUS</i> construct were analyzed, and NO-epifluorescence levels were measured. Results showed that membrane injury by enhanced electrolyte leakage occurred under both pollutants and was reduced by the treatment with SNP only in Cd-presence. By contrast, no membrane injury was caused by either exogenous NO or IAA or IBA. Cd- and As-toxicity also resulted into a decreased root fresh weight, mitigated by the combination of each pollutant with either IAA or IBA. Cd and As decreased the endogenous NO-content, increased H2O2 formation, and altered auxin biosynthesis, levels and distribution in both adventitious (ARs) and mainly lateral roots (LRs). The SNP-formed NO counteracted the pollutants' effects on auxin distribution/levels, reduced H2O2 formation in Cd-presence, and enhanced <i>AUX1-</i>expression, mainly in As-presence. Each exogenous auxin, but mainly IBA, combined with Cd or As at 10 µM, mitigated the pollutants' effects by increasing LR-production and by increasing NO-content in the case of Cd. Altogether, results demonstrate that NO and auxin(s) work together in the rice root system to counteract the specific toxic-effects of each pollutant. |
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| Journal | Front Plant Sci | |
| Country | Italy | |
| Volume | 11 | |
| Pages | 1182 | |
| Year | 2020 | |
| PubMed ID | 32849732 | |
| PubMed Central ID | 7419627 | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fpls.2020.01182 | |
| URL | - | |
| Relation | ||
| Gene | ELS1 RAU1 YUCCA1 | |
| INSD | - | |
| Strain | Wild Core Collection | - |
| Induced Mutation Lines(NIG Collection) | - | |
| Sterile Seed Strain | - | |
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Lethal Embryo Mutantion Strain |
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Stages in Each Organ - Muant Lines (Gene) |
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| Cultivated Varieties(NIG Collection) | - | |
| Stages in Each Organ | - | |
