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Basic Information
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CGSNL Gene Symbol
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WFP
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Gene Symbol Synonym
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OsSPL14, SPL14, IPA1, WFP/IPA1, OsSPL14/WFP/IPA1, OsIPA1, IPA1/OsSPL14
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CGSNL Gene Name
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WEALTHY FARMER'S PANICLE
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Gene Name Synonym
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IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE 1, Ideal Plant Architecture 1, Ideal Plant Architecture1, Squamosa promoter-binding-like protein 14, SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14, Squamosa promoter binding protein like-14, IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1
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Protein Name
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SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14
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Allele
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ipa1, spl14, OsSPL14WFP, OsSPL14ipa, OsSPL14-ST12, OsSPL14-Aikawa1, OsSPL14-Ri22, OsSPL14-Habataki, ipa1-1D, ipa1-2D, ipa1-3D, ipa1-4D, ipa1-10, ipa1-11, Ri22, ipa1-1D, ipa1-1, Osspl14, osspl14, osspl14-1, osspl14-2
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Chromosome No.
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8
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Explanation
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A QTL increases primary branch number on chromosome 8. Q7EXZ2. GU136674. Regulate panicle branching and grain yield. a target gene of miR-156. GO:2000905: negative regulation of starch metabolic process. TO:0000992: gibberellin biosynthesis trait. PO:0025570: vascular leaf development stage. GO:1902347: response to strigolactone. TO: inflorescence axis length. TO:0001061: inflorescence axis thickness. TO:0001063: panicle inflorescence internode length. TO:0001062: number of panicle internodes. GO:2000280: regulation of root development.
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Trait Class
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Character as QTL - Yield and productivity
Tolerance and resistance - Stress tolerance
Tolerance and resistance - Disease resistance
Reproductive organ - Panicle, Mode of branching
Seed - Physiological traits - Dormancy
Character as QTL - Plant growth activity
Vegetative organ - Leaf
Vegetative organ - Culm
Seed
Vegetative organ - Root
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Expression
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Sequence/Locus
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cDNA Accession No.
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AK107191
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MSU ID
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LOC_Os08g39890.1
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RAP ID
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Os08g0509600
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Links
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Oryzabase Chromosome View
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
RAP-DB
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
Related IDs List (
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
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INSD Accession List
(Test version)
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-
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Map
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Locate(cM)
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Link map
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Classical linkage map
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References
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Liu D., He J., Li Q., Zhang X., Wang Y., Sun Q., Wang W., Zhang M., Wang Y., Xu H., Fang L., Jiang L., Liu S., Chen L., Tian Y., Liu X., Wang R., Zhang Z., Chern M., Dong X., Wang H., Liu Y., Ronald P.C., Wan J.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2025 122(10) e2411164122
A WRKY transcription factor confers broad-spectrum resistance to biotic stresses and yield stability in rice.
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Feng M., Luo W., Luo S., Miao R., Gu M., Li S., Xing X., Zhang J., Qian J., Liu X., Zhou C., Sun Q., Luo T., Chen N., Ren Y., Cheng Z., Lei C., Zhao Z., Zhu S., Wang X., Guo X., Lin Q., Wan J.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2025
Strigolactones Regulate Sugar Allocation to Control Rice Tillering and Root Development via the OsSPL14-OsSHR1-OsSWEET16 Pathway.
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Yan Y., Wang H., Bi Y., Tariq L., Song F.
J Integr Plant Biol 2025 67(5) 1199-1201
Rice E3 ubiquitin ligases balance immunity and yield through non-proteolytic ubiquitination.
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Shi H., Yin J., Zhao Z., Yu H., Yi H., Xu L., Tong H., He M., Zhu X., Lu X., Xiong Q., Li W., Tang Y., Hou Q., Song L., Wang L., Chen X., Sun C., Li T., Fan J., Li Y., Qin P., Wang W.M., Li S., Chen X., Li J., Wang J.
Nat Commun 2024 15(1) 7608
Fine-tuning of IPA1 transactivation activity by E3 ligase IPI7-mediated non-proteolytic K29-ubiquitination during Magnaporthe oryzae infection.
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Yang B., Sun Y., Minne M., Ge Y., Yue Q., Goossens V., Mor E., Callebaut B., Bevernaege K., Winne J.M., Audenaert D., De Rybel B.
Science 2024 386(6723) eado4298
SPL13 controls a root apical meristem phase change by triggering oriented cell divisions.
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Chang H., Sha H., Gao S., Liu Q., Liu Y., Ma C., Shi B., Nie S.
Int J Mol Sci 2024 25(22)
A Novel Gene, <i>OsRLCK191</i>, Involved in Culm Strength Improving Lodging Resistance in Rice.
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Chun Y., Fang J., Savelieva E.M., Lomin S.N., Shang J., Sun Y., ZHAO J., Kumar A., Yuan S., Yao X.F., Liu C.M., Arkhipov D.V., Romanov G.A., Li X.
Plant Cell 2023
The cytokinin receptor OHK4/OsHK4 regulates inflorescence architecture in rice via an IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1/WFP-mediated positive feedback circuit.
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Guo X., Chen Y., Hu Y., Feng F., Zhu X., Sun H., Li J., Zhao Q., Sun H.
Plant J. 2023
OsMADS5 interacts with OsSPL14/17 to inhibit rice root elongation by restricting cell proliferation of root meristem under ammonium supply.
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Luo L., Xie Y., Yu S., Yang J., Chen S., Yuan X., Guo T., Wang H., Liu Y., Chen C., Xiao W., Chen Z.
New Phytol. 2023 237(6) 2163-2179
The DnaJ domain-containing heat-shock protein NAL11 determines plant architecture by mediating gibberellin homeostasis in rice (Oryza sativa).
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Xu T., Fu D., Xiong X., Zhu J., Feng Z., Liu X., Wu C.
PLoS Genet. 2023 19(4) e1010698
OsbHLH067, OsbHLH068, and OsbHLH069 redundantly regulate inflorescence axillary meristem formation in rice.
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Cui D., Zhou H., Ma X., Lin Z., Sun L., Han B., Li M., Sun J., Liu J., Jin G., Wang X., Cao G., Deng X.W., He H., Han L.
Plant Commun 2022 3(3) 100325
Genomic insights on the contribution of introgressions from Xian/Indica to the genetic improvement of Geng/Japonica rice cultivars.
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Jia M., Meng X., Song X., Zhang D., Kou L., Zhang J., Jing Y., Liu G., Liu H., Huang X., Wang Y., Yu H., Li J.
Cell Discov 2022 8(1) 71
Chilling-induced phosphorylation of ipa1 by OsSAPK6 activates chilling tolerance responses in rice.
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Kellogg E.A.
Plant Cell 2022 34(7) 2518-2533
Genetic control of branching patterns in grass inflorescences.
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He Y., Zhu M., Li Z., Jiang S., He Z., Xu S., Chen X., Hu Z., Zhang Z.
Int J Mol Sci 2021 22(12)
<i>IPA1</i> Negatively Regulates Early Rice Seedling Development by Interfering with Starch Metabolism via the GA and <i>WRKY</i> Pathways.
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Wang L., Ming L., Liao K., Xia C., Sun S., Chang Y., Wang H., Fu D., Xu C., Wang Z., Li X., Xie W., Ouyang Y., Zhang Q., Li X., Zhang Q., Xiao J., Zhang Q.
Mol Plant 2021 14(7) 1168-1184
Bract suppression regulated by the miR156/529-SPLs-NL1-PLA1 module is required for the transition from vegetative to reproductive branching in rice.
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Huang L., Hua K., Xu R., Zeng D., Wang R., Dong G., Zhang G., Lu X., Fang N., Wang D., Duan P., Zhang B., Liu Z., Li N., Luo Y., Qian Q., Yao S., Li Y.
Plant Cell 2021
The LARGE2-APO1/APO2 regulatory module controls panicle size and grain number in rice.
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Dwivedi S.L., Reynolds M.P., Ortiz R.
iScience 2021 24(9) 102965
Mitigating tradeoffs in plant breeding.
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Pasion E.A., Badoni S., Misra G., Anacleto R., Parween S., Kohli A., Sreenivasulu N.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2021
OsTPR boosts the superior grains through increase in upper secondary rachis branches without incurring a grain quality penalty.
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Cui Y., Cheng J., Ruan S., Qi P., Liu W., Bian H., Ye L., Zhang Y., Hu J., Dong G., Guo L., Zhang Y., Qian Q., Hu X.
J Integr Plant Biol 2020 62(12) 1839-1852
The heterochronic gene Oryza sativa LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 modulates miR156b/c/i/e levels.
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Wang F., Han T., Song Q., Ye W., Song X., Chu J., Li J., Chen Z.J.
Plant Cell 2020 32(10) 3124-3138
The Rice Circadian Clock Regulates Tiller Growth and Panicle Development Through Strigolactone Signaling and Sugar Sensing.
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Zhang S., Zhu L., Shen C., Ji Z., Zhang H., Zhang T., Li Y., Yu J., Yang N., He Y., Tian Y., Wu K., Wu J., Harberd N.P., Zhao Y., Fu X., Wang S., Li S.
Plant Cell 2020
Natural allelic variation in a modulator of auxin homeostasis improves grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice.
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Toriba T., Tokunaga H., Shiga T., Nie F., Naramoto S., Honda E., Tanaka K., Taji T., Itoh J.I., Kyozuka J.
Nat Commun 2019 10(1) 619
BLADE-ON-PETIOLE genes temporally and developmentally regulate the sheath to blade ratio of rice leaves.
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Duan E., Wang Y., Li X., Lin Q., Zhang T., Wang Y., Zhou C., Zhang H., Jiang L., Wang J., Lei C., Zhang X., Guo X., Wang H., Wan J.
Plant Cell 2019 31(5) 1026-1042
OsSHI1 Regulates Plant Architecture Through Modulating the Transcriptional Activity of IPA1 in Rice.
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Zhu J., Li Y., Lin J., Wu Y., Guo H., Shao Y., Wang F., Wang X., Mo X., Zheng S., Yu H., Mao C.
Plant J. 2019
crd1, an Xpo1 domain protein, regulates miRNA accumulation and crown root development in rice.
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Abbai R., Singh V.K., Nachimuthu V.V., Sinha P., Selvaraj R., Vipparla A.K., Singh A.K., Singh U.M., Varshney R.K., Kumar A.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2019
Haplotype analysis of key genes governing grain yield and quality traits across 3K RG panel reveals scope for the development of tailor-made rice with enhanced genetic gains.
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Duan J., Yu H., Yuan K., Liao Z., Meng X., Jing Y., Liu G., Chu J., Li J.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2019 116(28) 14319-14324
Strigolactone promotes cytokinin degradation through transcriptional activation of <i>CYTOKININ OXIDASE/DEHYDROGENASE 9</i> in rice.
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Liu M., Shi Z., Zhang X., Wang M., Zhang L., Zheng K., Liu J., Hu X., Di C., Qian Q., He Z., Yang D.L.
Nat Plants 2019 5(4) 389-400
Inducible overexpression of Ideal Plant Architecture1 improves both yield and disease resistance in rice.
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Jiang D., Chen W., Dong J., Li J., Yang F., Wu Z., Zhou H., Wang W., Zhuang C.
J. Exp. Bot. 2018 69(7) 1533-1543
Overexpression of miR164b-resistant OsNAC2 improves plant architecture and grain yield in rice.
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Kim S.R., Ramos J.M., Hizon R.J.M., Ashikari M., Virk P.S., Torres E.A., Nissila E., Jena K.K.
Sci Rep 2018 8(1) 3833
Introgression of a functional epigenetic OsSPL14WFP allele into elite indica rice genomes greatly improved panicle traits and grain yield.
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Wang J., Zhou L., Shi H., Chern M., Yu H., Yi H., He M., Yin J., Zhu X., Li Y., Li W., Liu J., Wang J., Chen X., Qing H., Wang Y., Liu G., Wang W., Li P., Wu X., Zhu L., Zhou J.M., Ronald P.C., Li S., Li J., Chen X.
Science 2018 361(6406) 1026-1028
A single transcription factor promotes both yield and immunity in rice.
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Gong R., Cao H., Zhang J., Xie K., Wang D., Yu S.
Plant J. 2018 94(1) 32-47
Divergent functions of the GAGA-binding transcription factor family in rice.
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Song X., Lu Z., Yu H., Shao G., Xiong J., Meng X., Jing Y., Liu G., Xiong G., Duan J., Yao X.F., Liu C.M., Li H., Wang Y., Li J.
Cell Res. 2017 27(9) 1128-1141
IPA1 functions as a downstream transcription factor repressed by D53 in strigolactone signaling in rice.
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Wang S., Wu K., Qian Q., Liu Q., Li Q., Pan Y., Ye Y., Liu X., Wang J., Zhang J., Li S., Wu Y., Fu X.
Cell Res. 2017 27(9) 1142-1156
Non-canonical regulation of SPL transcription factors by a human OTUB1-like deubiquitinase defines a new plant type rice associated with higher grain yield.
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Wang J., Yu H., Xiong G., Lu Z., Jiao Y., Meng X., Liu G., Chen X., Wang Y., Li J.
Plant Cell 2017 29(4) 697-707
Tissue-Specific Ubiquitination by IPA1 INTERACTING PROTEIN1 Modulates IPA1 Protein Levels to Regulate Plant Architecture in Rice.
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Srikanth B., Subhakara Rao I., Surekha K., Subrahmanyam D., Voleti S.R., Neeraja C.N.
Gene 2016 576(1 Pt 3) 441-50
Enhanced expression of OsSPL14 gene and its association with yield components in rice (Oryza sativa) under low nitrogen conditions.
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Kim S.R., Ramos J., Ashikari M., Virk P.S., Torres E.A., Nissila E., Hechanova S.L., Mauleon R., Jena K.K.
Rice (N Y) 2016 9(1) 12
Development and validation of allele-specific SNP/indel markers for eight yield-enhancing genes using whole-genome sequencing strategy to increase yield potential of rice, Oryza sativa L.
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Huang X., Yang S., Gong J., Zhao Q., Feng Q., Zhan Q., Zhao Y., Li W., Cheng B., Xia J., Chen N., Huang T., Zhang L., Fan D., Chen J., Zhou C., Lu Y., Weng Q., Han B.
Nature 2016 537(7622) 629-633
Genomic architecture of heterosis for yield traits in rice.
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Wang L., Sun S., Jin J., Fu D., Yang X., Weng X., Xu C., Li X., Xiao J., Zhang Q.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2015 112(50) 15504-9
Coordinated regulation of vegetative and reproductive branching in rice.
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Liu X., Zhou S., Wang W., Ye Y., Zhao Y., Xu Q., Zhou C., Tan F., Cheng S., Zhou D.X.
Plant Cell 2015 27(5) 1428-44
Regulation of histone methylation and reprogramming of gene expression in the rice inflorescence meristem.
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Liu Q., Shen G., Peng K., Huang Z., Tong J., Kabir M.H., Wang J., Zhang J., Qin G., Xiao L.
J Integr Plant Biol 2015
A T-DNA insertion mutant Osmtd1 was altered in architecture by upregulating MicroRNA156f in rice.
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Zhao M., Liu B., Wu K., Ye Y., Huang S., Wang S., Wang Y., Han R., Liu Q., Fu X., Wu Y.
PLoS ONE 2015 10(5) e0126154
Regulation of OsmiR156h through Alternative Polyadenylation Improves grain yield in Rice.
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Liang W., Shang F., Lin Q., Lou C., Zhang J.
Gene 2014 537(1) 1-5
Tillering and panicle branching genes in rice.
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Shi Y., Liu X., Li R., Gao Y., Xu Z., Zhang B., Zhou Y.
J. Exp. Bot. 2014 65(12) 3055-69
Retention of OsNMD3 in the cytoplasm disturbs protein synthesis efficiency and affects plant development in rice.
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Peng Y., Gao Z., Zhang B., Liu C., Xu J., Ruan B., Hu J., Dong G., Guo L., Liang G., Qian Q.
Plant Cell Rep. 2014 33(11) 1843-50
Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a major QTL for panicle structure in rice.
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Ikeda M., Miura K., Aya K., Kitano H., Matsuoka M.
Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2013 16(2) 213-20
Genes offering the potential for designing yield-related traits in rice.
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Lu Z., Yu H., Xiong G., Wang J., Jiao Y., Liu G., Jing Y., Meng X., Hu X., Qian Q., Fu X., Wang Y., Li J.
Plant Cell 2013 25(10) 3743-59
Genome-Wide Binding Analysis of the Transcription Activator IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 Reveals a Complex Network Regulating Rice Plant Architecture.
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Xie K., Shen J., Hou X., Yao J., Li X., Xiao J., Xiong L.
Plant Physiol. 2012 158(3) 1382-94
Gradual increase of miR156 regulates temporal expression changes of numerous genes during leaf development in rice.
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Shahinnia F., Druka A., Franckowiak J., Morgante M., Waugh R., Stein N.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics 2012 124 373-384
High resolution mapping of dense spike-ar (dsp.ar) to the genetic centromere of barley chromosome 7H
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Luo L., Li W., Miura K., Ashikari M., Kyozuka J.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2012 53(10) 1793-801
Control of tiller growth of rice by OsSPL14 and Strigolactones, which work in two independent pathways.
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Miura K, Ikeda M, Matsubara A, Song XJ, Ito M, Asano K, Matsuoka M, Kitano H, Ashikari M.
Nat Genet 2010 42(6) 545-9
OsSPL14 promotes panicle branching and higher grain productivity in rice
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Jiao,Y., Wang,Y., Xue,D., Wang,J., Yan,M., Liu,G., Dong,G., Zeng,D., Lu,Z., Zhu,X., Qian,Q. and Li,J.
Nat Genet 2010 42(6) 541-544
Regulation of OsSPL14 by OsmiR156 defines ideal plant architecture in rice
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Xie K, Wu C, Xiong L.
Plant Physiol. 2006 142(1) 280-293
Genomic organization, differential expression, and interaction of SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like transcription factors and microRNA156 in rice.
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DB Reference
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Gramene ID
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-
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Ontologies
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Gene Ontology
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regulation of timing of meristematic phase transition( GO:0048506 )
cytokinin mediated signaling( GO:0009736 )
regulation of inflorescence meristem growth( GO:0010081 )
response to ammonium ion( GO:0060359 )
root development( GO:0048364 )
plant-type hypersensitive response( GO:0009626 )
bract development( GO:0010432 )
nucleus( GO:0005634 )
regulation of transcription( GO:0045449 )
leaf development( GO:0048366 )
vegetative phase change( GO:0010050 )
response to cold( GO:0009409 )
seed development( GO:0048316 )
inflorescence development( GO:0010229 )
defense response to bacterium( GO:0042742 )
regulation of gibberellin biosynthetic process( GO:0010371 )
starch metabolic process( GO:0005982 )
negative regulation of seed germination( GO:0010187 )
response to biotic stimulus( GO:0009607 )
DNA binding( GO:0003677 )
transcription( GO:0006350 )
zinc ion binding( GO:0008270 )
hormone-mediated signaling( GO:0009755 )
defense response to fungus( GO:0050832 )
gibberellic acid mediated signaling( GO:0009740 )
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Trait Ontology
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crown root number( TO:0002685 )
root length( TO:0000227 )
spikelet number( TO:0000456 )
root development trait( TO:0000656 )
seminal root length( TO:0000586 )
gibberellic acid sensitivity( TO:0000166 )
grain yield( TO:0000396 )
anatomy and morphology related trait( TO:0000017 )
gibberellic acid content( TO:0002675 )
total soluble sugar content( TO:0000340 )
biotic stress trait( TO:0000179 )
leaf size( TO:0002637 )
cold tolerance( TO:0000303 )
seed development trait( TO:0000653 )
inflorescence development trait( TO:0000621 )
leaf sheath length( TO:0002689 )
leaf length( TO:0000135 )
growth and development trait( TO:0000357 )
primary branch number( TO:0000547 )
bacterial blight disease resistance( TO:0000175 )
blast disease( TO:0000074 )
panicle number( TO:0000152 )
seed set percent( TO:0000455 )
filled grain number( TO:0000447 )
tiller number( TO:0000346 )
nitrogen sensitivity( TO:0000011 )
tillering ability( TO:0000329 )
inflorescence branching( TO:0000050 )
grain number( TO:0002759 )
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Plant Ontology
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0 seed germination stage( PO:0007057 )
inflorescence development stage( PO:0001083 )
seed development stage( PO:0001170 )
bract primordium( PO:0025487 )
leaf( PO:0025034 )
root development stage( PO:0007520 )
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Related Strains
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Phenotype images
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Last updated
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Jan 8, 2026
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Update info.