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Basic Information
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CGSNL Gene Symbol
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RD
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Gene Symbol Synonym
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Rd, DFR, OsDFR, OS-DFR, OsDFR1, DFR1, DFR-1
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CGSNL Gene Name
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RED PERICARP AND SEED COAT
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Gene Name Synonym
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Red pericarp and seed coat, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 1
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Protein Name
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DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE
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Allele
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Rd1,Rd2
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Chromosome No.
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1
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Explanation
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Responsible for spreading the color of Rc, when Rc co-exists, giving a dark red pericarp and seed coat, or red rice. Rd itself does not produce any pigment. [298] Y07956. AB003495, AB003496, AB010744, AB010745. AF490387 (indica). GRO:0007044; 06-heading stage ; GRO:0007042; 08-dough stage ; GRO:0007045; 09-mature grain stage ; GRO:0007046; 07-milk stage. PO:0025616: lemma apiculus. TO:0001109: grain color trait.
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Trait Class
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Biochemical character
Vegetative organ - Culm
Coloration - Anthocyanin
Coloration - Others
Seed
Seed - Morphological traits
Tolerance and resistance - Disease resistance
Tolerance and resistance - Insect resistance
Tolerance and resistance - Stress tolerance
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Expression
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Sequence/Locus
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cDNA Accession No.
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AB003496
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MSU ID
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LOC_Os01g44260.1
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RAP ID
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Os01g0633500
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Links
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Oryzabase Chromosome View
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
RAP-DB
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
Related IDs List (
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
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INSD Accession List
(Test version)
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Link to INSD Accession List
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Map
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Locate(cM)
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65.0
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Link map
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Classical linkage map
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References
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Yu X., Yue W., Jia X., Zeng H., Liu Y., Xu M., Wu M., Guo L.
Int J Mol Sci 2025 26(6)
Effects of CSN1/CSN2 Mutants in Flavonoid Metabolism on Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).
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Li N., Xu Y., Lu Y.
Plants (Basel) 2024 13(8)
A Regulatory Mechanism on Pathways: Modulating Roles of MYC2 and BBX21 in the Flavonoid Network.
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Mackon E., Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon GC., Yao Y., Guo Y., Ma Y., Dai X., Jandan T.H., Liu P.
Front Plant Sci 2023 14 1211326
Integrative HPLC profiling and transcriptome analysis revealed insights into anthocyanin accumulation and key genes at three developmental stages of black rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>. L) caryopsis.
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Zou T., Wang X., Sun T., Rong H., Wu L., Deng J., Guo T., Wang H., Wang J., Huang M.
Int J Mol Sci 2023 24(7)
MYB Transcription Factor <i>OsC1PLSr</i> Involves the Regulation of Purple leaf sheath in Rice.
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Lu Y., Xu Y., Li N.
Rice (N Y) 2022 15(1) 11
Early Domestication History of Asian Rice Revealed by Mutations and Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Genealogies.
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Wang J., Zhang C., Li Y.
Genes (Basel) 2022 13(3)
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiles of 13 Key Structural Gene Families Involved in the Biosynthesis of Rice Flavonoid Scaffolds.
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Kim D.H., Yang J., Ha S.H., Kim J.K., Lee J.Y., Lim S.H.
Front Plant Sci 2021 12 765049
An OsKala3, R2R3 MYB TF, Is a Common Key Player for Black Rice Pericarp as Main Partner of an OsKala4, bHLH TF.
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Meng L., Qi C., Wang C., Wang S., Zhou C., Ren Y., Cheng Z., Zhang X., Guo X., Zhao Z., Wang J., Lin Q., Zhu S., Wang H., Wang Z., Lei C., Wan J.
Rice (N Y) 2021 14(1) 37
Determinant Factors and Regulatory Systems for Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rice Apiculi and Stigmas.
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Yang X., Wang J., Xia X., Zhang Z., He J., Nong B., Luo T., Feng R., Wu Y., Pan Y., Xiong F., Zeng Y., Chen C., Guo H., Xu Z., Li D., Deng G.
Plant J. 2021 107(1) 198-214
OsTTG1, a WD40 repeat gene, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice.
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Mackon E., Ma Y., Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon GC., Usman B., Zhao Y., Li Q., Liu P.
Genes (Basel) 2021 12(4)
Computational and Transcriptomic Analysis Unraveled <i>OsMATE34</i> as a Putative anthocyanin transporter in Black Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Caryopsis.
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Jan R., Khan M.A., Asaf S., Lee I.J., Kim K.M.
Sci Rep 2020 10(1) 14685
Overexpression of OsF3H modulates WBPH stress by alteration of phenylpropanoid pathway at a transcriptomic and metabolomic level in Oryza sativa.
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Zheng J., Wu H., Zhu H., Huang C., Liu C., Chang Y., Kong Z., Zhou Z., Wang G., Lin Y., Chen H.
New Phytol. 2019 223(2) 705-721
Determining factors, regulation system, and domestication of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice leaves.
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Oshima M., Taniguchi Y., Akasaka M., Abe K., Ichikawa H., Tabei Y., Tanaka J.
Breed. Sci. 2019 69(2) 244-254
Development of a visible marker trait based on leaf sheath-specific anthocyanin pigmentation applicable to various genotypes in rice.
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Zaidi S.H.R., Zakari S.A., Zhao Q., Khan A.R., Shah J.M., Cheng F.
Antioxidants (Basel) 2019 8(11)
Anthocyanin Accumulation in Black Kernel Mutant Rice and its Contribution to ROS Detoxification in Response to High Temperature at the Filling Stage.
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Oikawa T., Maeda H., Oguchi T., Yamaguchi T., Tanabe N., Ebana K., Yano M., Ebitani T., Izawa T.
Plant Cell 2015 27(9) 2401-14
The Birth of a Black Rice Gene and Its Local Spread by Introgression.
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Chen X., Itani T., Wu X., Chikawa Y., Irifune K.
Plant Signal Behav 2013 8(12) e27555
Physiological factors affecting transcription of genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in different rice varieties.
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Shih CH, Chu H, Tang LK, Sakamoto W, Maekawa M, Chu IK, Wang M, Lo C.
Planta. 2008 228(6) 1043-54.
Functional characterization of key structural genes in rice flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Konishi S,Ebana K,Izawa T
Plant Cell Physiol. 2008 49 1283-93
Inference of the japonica rice domestication process from the distribution of six functional nucleotide polymorphisms of domestication-related genes in various landraces and modern cultivars.
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Furukawa,T., Maekawa,M., Oki,T., Suda,I., Iida,S., Shimada,H., Takamure,I. and Kadowaki,K.I.
Plant J. 2007 49(1) 91-102
The Rc and Rd genes are involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis in rice pericarp.
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Yau,C.P., Zhuang,C.X., Zee,S.Y. and Yip,W.K.
Sex. Plant Reprod. 2005 18(2) 65-74
Expression of a microsporocyte-specific gene encoding dihydroflavonol 4-reductase-like protein is developmentally regulated during early microsporogenesis in rice
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Liu,W.D. and Wang,S.P.
Acta Genetica Sinica 2002 29(10) 875-879
Analysis and mapping of homologous sequences of barley disease resistance gene Mlo and maize disease resistance gene Hm1 in rice
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Nakai,K., Inagaki,Y., Nagata,H., Miyazaki,C. and Iida,S.
Plant Biotechnol. 1998 15(4) 221-225
Molecular characterization of the gene for dihydroflavonol 4-reductase of Japonica rice varieties
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Kinoshita, T.
In Biology of Rice. S. Tsunoda and N. Takahashi eds. JSSP/Elsevier, Tokyo. 1984 187-274.
Gene analysis and linkage map.
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Nagao, S. and M. Takahashi
J. Fac. Agr. Hokkaido Univ. 1963 53(1) 72-130.
Trial construction of twelve linkage groups in Japanese rice. (Genetical studies on rice plant, XXVII).
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Nagao, S.
Adv. Genet. 1951 4 181-212.
Genic analysis and linkage relationship of characters in rice.
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DB Reference
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Gramene ID
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GR:0060733
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Ontologies
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Gene Ontology
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defense response to fungus( GO:0050832 )
cytoplasm( GO:0005737 )
nucleus( GO:0005634 )
defense response to insect( GO:0002213 )
coenzyme binding( GO:0050662 )
cellular metabolic process( GO:0044237 )
flavonoid metabolic process( GO:0009812 )
catalytic activity( GO:0003824 )
response to light stimulus( GO:0009416 )
flavonoid biosynthetic process( GO:0009813 )
proanthocyanidin biosynthetic process( GO:0010023 )
flavonol biosynthetic process( GO:0051555 )
pigmentation( GO:0043473 )
response to heat( GO:0009408 )
anthocyanin biosynthetic process( GO:0009718 )
seed development( GO:0048316 )
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Trait Ontology
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endosperm color( TO:0000487 )
seed color( TO:0000486 )
light sensitivity( TO:0000075 )
pericarp color( TO:0000707 )
seed coat color( TO:0000190 )
heat tolerance( TO:0000259 )
anthocyanin content( TO:0000071 )
seed development trait( TO:0000653 )
plant height( TO:0000207 )
white-backed planthopper resistance( TO:0000205 )
stigma color( TO:0000185 )
apiculus color( TO:0000140 )
hull color( TO:0000706 )
leaf color( TO:0000326 )
blast disease( TO:0000074 )
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Plant Ontology
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seed coat( PO:0009088 )
endosperm( PO:0009089 )
seed development stage( PO:0001170 )
stigma( PO:0009073 )
paleal apiculus( PO:0006033 )
whole plant fruit ripening stage( PO:0007010 )
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Related Strains
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Phenotype images
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Last updated
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Sep 10, 2025
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Update info.