Gene - Detail

Detail of Gene

Basic Information
CGSNL Gene Symbol AN1
Gene Symbol Synonym An-1, OsbHLH093, RAE1, An-1/RAE1, RAE1/An-1, OsRAE1, OsAn-1, OgRAE1, OsAN1
CGSNL Gene Name AWN1
Gene Name Synonym Awn-1, basic helix-loop-helix protein 093, Regulatory of awn elongation 1, REGULATOR OF AWN ELONGATION 1, Regulator of Awn Elongation 1, Awn4-2
Protein Name
Allele an-1, Osrae1
Chromosome No. 4
Explanation a bHLH transcription factor. An-1 regulates the formation of awn primordial (Gu et al. 2015). Awn4-2 in Li et al. 2016. OgRAE1 (O. glaberrima RAE1). PO:0030123: panicle inflorescence.
Trait Class Seed - Morphological traits - Grain shape
Character as QTL - Yield and productivity
Reproductive organ - Spikelet, flower, glume, awn
Other
Expression
Sequence/Locus
cDNA Accession No. AK108605
MSU ID LOC_Os04g28280.1
RAP ID Os04g0350700
Links Oryzabase Chromosome View ( IRGSP 1.0 / Build5 )
RAP-DB ( IRGSP 1.0 / Build5 )
Related IDs List ( IRGSP 1.0 / Build5 )
INSD Accession List
(Test version) 		-
Map
Locate(cM)
Link map Classical linkage map
References
Hu Q., Zhao Z., Ma L., Xia H., Ma Z., Xu P., Wang X., Zhu R., Zhao Y., Guo H., Zhu X., Zeng Y., Pan Y., Li D., Sun X., Li J., Zhang H., Li Z., Zhang Z.
Nat Commun 2025  16(1)  8848
Natural variation of GNP2 enhances grain number to benefit rice yield.
Sang L., Xu E., Liu Y., Hu T., Yang M., Niu J., Lu C., Zhou Y., Sun Y., Zhai Z., Abdulmajid D., Zhang P., Wang Q., La H., Zou Y.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025  25(1)  264
Transcriptomic analysis offers deep insights into the Increased Grain Length 1 (IGL1) regulation of grain length.
Bessho-Uehara K., Masuda K., Wang D.R., Angeles-Shim RB., Obara K., Nagai K., Murase R., Aoki S.I., Furuta T., Miura K., Wu J., Yamagata Y., Yasui H., Kantar M.B., Yoshimura A., Kamura T., McCouch S.R., Ashikari M.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2023  120(4)  e2207105120
<i>Regulator of Awn Elongation 3</i>, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is responsible for loss of awns during African rice domestication.
Lu Y., Xu Y., Li N.
Rice (N Y) 2022  15(1)  11
Early Domestication History of Asian Rice Revealed by Mutations and Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Genealogies.
Zhang Y., Zhang Z., Sun X., Zhu X., Li B., Li J., Guo H., Chen C., Pan Y., Liang Y., Xu Z., Zhang H., Li Z.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2019   
Natural alleles of GLA for grain length and awn development were differently domesticated in rice subspecies japonica and indica.
Zhao Q., Feng Q., Lu H., Li Y., Wang A., Tian Q., Zhan Q., Lu Y., Zhang L., Huang T., Wang Y., Fan D., Zhao Y., Wang Z., Zhou C., Chen J., Zhu C., Li W., Weng Q., Xu Q., Wang Z.X., Wei X., Han B., Huang X.
Nat. Genet. 2018  50(2)  278-284
Pan-genome analysis highlights the extent of genomic variation in cultivated and wild rice.
Li L.F., Li Y.L., Jia Y., Caicedo A.L., Olsen K.M.
Nat. Genet. 2017  49(5)  811-814
Signatures of adaptation in the weedy rice genome.
Bessho-Uehara K., Wang D.R., Furuta T., Minami A., Nagai K., Gamuyao R., Asano K., Angeles-Shim RB., Shimizu Y., Ayano M., Komeda N., Doi K., Miura K., Toda Y., Kinoshita T., Okuda S., Higashiyama T., Nomoto M., Tada Y., Shinohara H., Matsubayashi Y., Greenberg A., Wu J., Yasui H., Yoshimura A., Mori H., McCouch S.R., Ashikari M.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2016  113(32)  8969-74
Loss of function at RAE2, a previously unidentified EPFL, is required for awnlessness in cultivated Asian rice.
Jin J., Hua L., Zhu Z., Tan L., Zhao X., Zhang W., Liu F., Fu Y., Cai H., Sun X., Gu P., Xie D., Sun C.
Plant Cell 2016  28(10)  2453-2463
GAD1 Encodes a Secreted Peptide That Regulates Grain Number, Grain Length, and Awn Development in Rice Domestication.
Li B., Zhang Y., Li J., Yao G., Pan H., Hu G., Chen C., Zhang H., Li Z.
PLoS ONE 2016  11(8)  e0160792
Fine Mapping of Two Additive Effect Genes for Awn Development in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).
Furuta T., Komeda N., Asano K., Uehara K., Gamuyao R., Angeles-Shim RB., Nagai K., Doi K., Wang D.R., Yasui H., Yoshimura A., Wu J., McCouch S.R., Ashikari M.
G3 (Bethesda) 2015  5(11)  2267-74
Convergent Loss of Awn in Two Cultivated Rice Species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima Is Caused by Mutations in Different Loci.
Gu B., Zhou T., Luo J., Liu H., Wang Y., Shangguan Y., Zhu J., Li Y., Sang T., Wang Z., Han B.
Mol Plant 2015   
An-2 Encodes a Cytokinin Synthesis Enzyme That Regulates awn length and Grain Production in Rice.
Luo J., Liu H., Zhou T., Gu B., Huang X., Shangguan Y., Zhu J., Li Y., Zhao Y., Wang Y., Zhao Q., Wang A., Wang Z., Sang T., Wang Z., Han B.
Plant Cell 2013  25(9)  3360-76
An-1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix protein that regulates awn development, grain size, and grain number in rice.
Li X, Duan X, Jiang H, Sun Y, Tang Y, Yuan Z, Guo J, Liang W, Chen L, Yin J, Ma H, Wang J, Zhang D.
Plant Physiol. 2006  141(4)  1167-84
Genome-wide analysis of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factor family in rice and Arabidopsis.
DB Reference
Gramene ID -
Ontologies
Gene Ontology protein dimerization activity( GO:0046983 )
transcription factor activity( GO:0003700 )
Trait Ontology filled grain number( TO:0000447 )
grain length( TO:0000734 )
awn presence( TO:0002734 )
awn length( TO:0000072 )
Plant Ontology awn( PO:0025349 )
Related Strains
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Phenotype images
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Last updated
Dec 22, 2025

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