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Basic Information
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CGSNL Gene Symbol
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PAL
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Gene Symbol Synonym
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OsPAL, OsPAL08, PAL2, GP-28, GP28, PAL08, OsPAL2, OsPAL8, PAL8, OsPAL6, PAL6
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CGSNL Gene Name
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PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE
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Gene Name Synonym
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phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2
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Protein Name
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PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE
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Allele
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Chromosome No.
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2
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Explanation
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XM466845. Z15085. PAL2 in Koshiba et al. 2013, Sathe et al. 2019, Tonnessen et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2017, Zhou et al. 2018, Xu et al. 2018, Kachewar et al. 2019, He et al. 2020, Singh et al. 2021, Yang et al. 2022, Wang et al. 2022, Liu et al. 2022, Ning et al. 2023, Gandham et al. 2025. OsPAL8 in Yang et al. 2016. OsPAL6 in Shad et al. 2024.
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Trait Class
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Tolerance and resistance - Stress tolerance
Biochemical character
Vegetative organ - Leaf
Tolerance and resistance - Insect resistance
Coloration - Anthocyanin
Tolerance and resistance - Disease resistance
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Expression
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Sequence/Locus
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cDNA Accession No.
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AK065208
AK120127
AK061959
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MSU ID
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LOC_Os02g41650.1
LOC_Os02g41650.2
LOC_Os02g41650.3
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RAP ID
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Os02g0626400
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Links
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Oryzabase Chromosome View
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
RAP-DB
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
Related IDs List (
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
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INSD Accession List
(Test version)
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-
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Map
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Locate(cM)
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Link map
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Classical linkage map
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References
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Wang C., Zhao H., Zhou Y., Zhang H., Chen X., Liang W., Zheng H., Hou F., Zhang J., Xie L., Zhao M., Zheng B., Li J.
Front Plant Sci 2025 16 1584423
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants <i>nip-lpl</i> and <i>nip-dpl</i>.
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Gandham K., Thomas J., Riaz A., Balakrishnan D., Pereira A., Kariyat R.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2025 66(5) 687-704
Rice master regulator 'HYR' enhances growth and defense mechanisms with consequences for fall armyworm growth and host selection.
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Shad M.A., Li X., Rao M.J., Luo Z., Li X., Ali A., Wang L.
Int J Mol Sci 2024 25(18)
Exploring Lignin Biosynthesis Genes in Rice: Evolution, Function, and Expression.
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Ning J., He W., Wu L., Chang L., Hu M., Fu Y., Liu F., Sun H., Gu P., Ndjiondjop M.N., Sun C., Zhu Z.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2023 21(5) 931-942
The MYB transcription factor Seed Shattering 11 controls seed Shattering by repressing lignin synthesis in African rice.
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Yang X., Gu X., Ding J., Yao L., Gao X., Zhang M., Meng Q., Wei S., Fu J.
BMC Genomics 2022 23(1) 278
Gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars to sheath blight after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani.
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Liu Y., Zhang W., Wang Y., Xie L., Zhang Q., Zhang J., Li W., Wu M., Cui J., Wang W., Zhang Z.
Front Plant Sci 2022 13 1054917
<i>Nudix hydrolase 14</i> influences plant development and grain chalkiness in rice.
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Wang R., You X., Zhang C., Fang H., Wang M., Zhang F., Kang H., Xu X., Liu Z., Wang J., Zhao Q., Wang X., Hao Z., He F., Tao H., Wang D., Wang J., Fang L., Qin M., Zhao T., Zhang P., Xing H., Xiao Y., Liu W., Xie Q., Wang G.L., Ning Y.
Genome Biol. 2022 23(1) 154
An ORFeome of rice E3 ubiquitin ligases for global analysis of the ubiquitination interactome.
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Xu R., Pan R., Zhang Y., Feng Y., Nath U.K., Gan Y., Shi C., Akhter D.
Int J Mol Sci 2021 22(18)
RNA-Seq-Based Profiling of <i>pl</i> Mutant Reveals Transcriptional Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).
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Singh R.R., Pajar J.A., Audenaert K., Kyndt T.
Front Plant Sci 2021 12 713870
Induced Resistance by Ascorbate Oxidation Involves Potentiating of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway and Improved Rice Tolerance to Parasitic Nematodes.
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He J., Liu Y., Yuan D., Duan M., Liu Y., Shen Z., Yang C., Qiu Z., Liu D., Wen P., Huang J., Fan D., Xiao S., Xin Y., Chen X., Jiang L., Wang H., Yuan L., Wan J.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2020 117(1) 271-277
An R2R3 MYB transcription factor confers brown planthopper resistance by regulating the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway in rice.
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Kachewar N.R., Gupta V., Ranjan A., Patel H.K., Sonti R.V.
BMC Plant Biol. 2019 19(1) 530
Overexpression of OsPUB41, a rice E3 ubiquitin ligase induced by cell wall degrading enzymes, enhances immune responses in Rice and Arabidopsis.
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Atul Prakash Sathe, Su X., Chen Z., Chen T., Wei X., Tang S., Xiao-Bo Zhang, Jian-Li Wu
Rice (N Y) 2019 12(1) 68
Identification and characterization of a spotted-leaf mutant spl40 with enhanced bacterial blight resistance in rice.
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Zhou X., Liao H., Chern M., Yin J., Chen Y., Wang J., Zhu X., Chen Z., Yuan C., Zhao W., Wang J., Li W., He M., Ma B., Wang J., Qin P., Chen W., Wang Y., Liu J., Qian Y., Wang W., Wu X., Li P., Zhu L., Li S., Ronald P.C., Chen X.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2018 115(12) 3174-3179
Loss of function of a rice TPR-domain RNA-binding protein confers broad-spectrum disease resistance.
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Xu X., Chen Z., Shi Y.F., Wang H.M., He Y., Shi L., Chen T., Wu J.L., Zhang X.B.
BMC Plant Biol. 2018 18(1) 264
Functional inactivation of OsGCNT induces enhanced disease resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice.
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Wang J., Islam F., Li L., Long M., Yang C., Jin X., Ali B., Mao B., Zhou W.
Int J Mol Sci 2017 18(9)
Complementary RNA-Sequencing Based Transcriptomics and iTRAQ Proteomics Reveal the Mechanism of the Alleviation of Quinclorac Stress by Salicylic Acid in Oryza sativa ssp. japonica.
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Yang X., Gong P., Li K., Huang F., Cheng F., Pan G.
J. Exp. Bot. 2016 67(9) 2761-76
A single cytosine deletion in the OsPLS1 gene encoding vacuolar-type H+-ATPase subunit A1 leads to premature leaf senescence and seed dormancy in rice.
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Wu Z., Gui S., Wang S., Ding Y.
BMC Evol. Biol. 2014 14 100
Molecular evolution and functional characterisation of an ancient phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (NnPAL1) from Nelumbo nucifera: novel insight into the evolution of the PAL family in angiosperms.
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Tonnessen B.W., Manosalva P., Lang J.M., Baraoidan M., Bordeos A., Mauleon R., Oard J., Hulbert S., Leung H., Leach J.E.
Plant Mol. Biol. 2014
Rice phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene OsPAL4 is associated with broad spectrum disease resistance.
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Duan L., Liu H., Li X., Xiao J., Wang S.
Physiol Plant 2014
Multiple phytohormones and phytoalexins are involved in disease resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae invaded from roots in rice.
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Koshiba T.a, Hirose N.a, Mukai M.a, Yamamura M.a, Hattori T.a d, Suzuki S.a, Sakamoto M.b, Umezawa T.a c
Plant Biotechnology 2013 30 157-167
Characterization of 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde O-methyltransferase in Oryza sativa
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Park H.L., Lee S.W., Jung K.H., Hahn T.R., Cho M.H.
Phytochemistry 2013 96 57-71
Transcriptomic analysis of UV-treated rice leaves reveals UV-induced phytoalexin biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory networks in rice.
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Rawal H.C., Singh N.K., Sharma T.R.
International Journal of Genomics 2013 2013 678969
Conservation, divergence, and genome-wide distribution of PAL and POX A gene families in plants
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Giberti S., Bertea C.M., Narayana R., Maffei M.E., Forlani G.
J. Plant Physiol. 2012 169(3) 249-54
Two phenylalanine ammonia lyase isoforms are involved in the elicitor-induced response of rice to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae.
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Rebecca S Bart, Chern M., Miguel E Vega-Sánchez, Canlas P., Pamela C Ronald
PLoS Genet. 2010 6(9) e1001123
Rice Snl6, a cinnamoyl-CoA reductase-like gene family member, is required for NH1-mediated immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
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Lin YZ,Chen HY,Kao R,Chang SP,Chang SJ,Lai EM
Phytochemistry 2008 69 715-28
Proteomic analysis of rice defense response induced by probenazole.
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Jorge Gómez-Ariza, Campo S., Rufat M., Montserrat Estopà , Messeguer J., Blanca San Segundo, MarÃa Coca
Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 20(7) 832-42
Sucrose-mediated priming of plant defense responses and broad-spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of the maize pathogenesis-related PRms protein in rice plants.
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Sakurai N., Katayama Y., Yamaya T.
Physiol Plant 2001 113(3) 400-408
Overlapping expression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in immature leaf blades of rice.
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Minami,E. and Tanaka,Y.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1993 1171(3) 321-322
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase of rice and its deduced amino acid sequence.
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DB Reference
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Gramene ID
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-
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Ontologies
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Gene Ontology
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cytoplasm( GO:0005737 )
L-phenylalanine catabolic process( GO:0006559 )
cinnamic acid biosynthetic process( GO:0009800 )
lignan biosynthetic process( GO:0009807 )
response to herbicide( GO:0009635 )
response to salicylic acid stimulus( GO:0009751 )
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity( GO:0045548 )
defense response to insect( GO:0002213 )
response to UV( GO:0009411 )
defense response to nematode( GO:0002215 )
anthocyanin biosynthetic process( GO:0009718 )
defense response to fungus( GO:0050832 )
lignin biosynthetic process( GO:0009809 )
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Trait Ontology
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blast disease( TO:0000074 )
UV light sensitivity( TO:0000160 )
lignin content( TO:0000731 )
lignin biosynthesis trait( TO:0000733 )
herbicide sensitivity( TO:0000058 )
brown planthopper resistance( TO:0000424 )
leaf color( TO:0000326 )
nematode damage resistance( TO:0000384 )
sheath blight disease resistance( TO:0000255 )
anthocyanin content( TO:0000071 )
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Plant Ontology
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whole plant( PO:0000003 )
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Related Strains
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Phenotype images
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Last updated
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Oct 21, 2025
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Update info.