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Basic Information
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CGSNL Gene Symbol
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GS2
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Gene Symbol Synonym
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OsGRF4, GRF4, GS2/OsGRF4, PT2, GLW2, GS2/GL2, LGS1, OsLGS1
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CGSNL Gene Name
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GRAIN SIZE 2
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Gene Name Synonym
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growth-regulating factor4, Growth-Regulating Factor 4, GRAIN SIZE ON CHROMOSOME 2, PANICLE TRAITS 2, grain length and width 2, Large Grain Size 1
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Protein Name
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GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4
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Allele
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OsGRF4NGR2, OsGRF4ngr2, osgrf4, lgs1, LGS1-JF178, gs1-Ma85, OsGRF4mite, grf4-cri2
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Chromosome No.
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2
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Explanation
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BK004859. Q6ZIK5. AJ566408. LC333009, LC333010, LC333011. GO:0072488: ammonium transmembrane transport. GO:0071704: organic substance metabolic process. GO:1901347: negative regulation of secondary cell wall biogenesis. TO:0000845: collective phyllome structure morphology trait.
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Trait Class
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Vegetative organ - Culm
Seed - Morphological traits - Grain shape
Reproductive organ - Inflorescence
Tolerance and resistance - Disease resistance
Biochemical character
Tolerance and resistance - Insect resistance
Seed
Tolerance and resistance - Stress tolerance
Reproductive organ - Heading date
Character as QTL - Yield and productivity
Seed - Morphological traits
Other
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Expression
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Sequence/Locus
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cDNA Accession No.
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AK063983
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MSU ID
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LOC_Os02g47280.1
LOC_Os02g47280.2
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RAP ID
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Os02g0701300
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Links
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Oryzabase Chromosome View
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
RAP-DB
(
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
Related IDs List (
IRGSP 1.0
/
Build5
)
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INSD Accession List
(Test version)
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-
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Map
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Locate(cM)
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Link map
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Classical linkage map
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References
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Li Y., Huang K., Zhang L., Zhang B., Duan P., Zhang G., Huang X., Zhou C., Han N., Zheng L., Wang Y., Li Y.
Nat Commun 2025 16(1) 3944
A molecular framework for the GS2-sug1 module-mediated control of grain size and weight in rice.
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Zheng Y., Chen M., Xiong D., Meng X., Yu H., Wang H., Li J.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2024
Generation of OsGRF4 and OsSNAC1 alleles for improving rice agronomic traits by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated manipulation of transposable elements.
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Zhu L., Shen Y., Dai Z., Miao X., Shi Z.
Rice (N Y) 2024 17(1) 59
Gγ-protein GS3 Function in Tight Genetic Relation with OsmiR396/GS2 to Regulate grain size.in Rice.
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Zhang Y., Gan L., Zhang Y., Huang B., Wan B., Li J., Tong L., Zhou X., Wei Z., Li Y., Song Z., Zhang X., Cai D., He Y.
Plant J. 2023
OsCBL5-CIPK1-pp23 module enhances rice grain size and weight through the gibberellin pathway.
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Li Z., Liu J., Wang X., Wang J., Ye J., Xu S., Zhang Y., Hu D., Zhang M., Xu Q., Wang S., Yang Y., Wei X., Feng Y., Wang S.
Plants (Basel) 2023 12(3)
<i>LG5</i>, a Novel Allele of <i>EUI1</i>, Regulates grain size and flag leaf Angle in Rice.
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Mo Y., Li G., Liu L., Zhang Y., Li J., Yang M., Chen S., Lin Q., Fu G., Zheng D., Ling Y.
Front Plant Sci 2023 14 1121852
<i>OsGRF4AA</i> compromises heat tolerance of developing pollen grains in rice.
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Pasion E.A., Badoni S., Misra G., Anacleto R., Parween S., Kohli A., Sreenivasulu N.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2021
OsTPR boosts the superior grains through increase in upper secondary rachis branches without incurring a grain quality penalty.
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Zhang J., Gao X., Cai G., Wang Y., Li J., Du H., Wang R., Zhang H., Huang J.
Rice (N Y) 2021 14(1) 105
An adenylate kinase OsAK3 Involves Brassinosteroid Signaling and Grain Length in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).
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Lu Y., Feng Z., Meng Y., Bian L., Xie H., Mysore K.S., Liang J.
Plant Physiol. 2020 182(4) 2213-2227
SLENDER RICE1 and <i>Oryza sativa</i> INDETERMINATE DOMAIN2 Regulating OsmiR396 Are Involved in stem elongation.
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Chen X., Jiang L., Zheng J., Chen F., Wang T., Wang M., Tao Y., Wang H., Hong Z., Huang Y., Huang R.
J. Exp. Bot. 2019 70(15) 3851-3866
A missense mutation in Large grain size 1 increases grain size and enhances cold tolerance in rice.
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Dai Z., Tan J., Zhou C., Yang X., Yang F., Zhang S., Sun S., Miao X., Shi Z.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2019
The OsmiR396-OsGRF8-OsF3H-flavonoid pathway mediates resistance to the brown planthopper in rice (Oryza sativa).
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Wang S., Yang H., Mei J., Liu X., Wen Z., Zhang L., Xu Z., Zhang B., Zhou Y.
Plant Physiol. 2019 181(2) 669-682
Rice Homeobox Protein KNAT7 Integrates the Pathways Regulating Cell Expansion and Wall Stiffness.
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Yu Y.
Plant Physiol. 2019 181(2) 385-386
OsKNAT7 Bridges Secondary Cell Wall Formation and Cell Growth Regulation.
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Ren D., Cui Y., Hu H., Xu Q., Rao Y., Yu X., Zhang Y., Wang Y., Peng Y., Zeng D., Hu J., Zhang G., Gao Z., Zhu L., Chen G., Shen L., Zhang Q., Guo L., Qian Q.
Plant J. 2019 100(4) 813-824
AH2 encodes a MYB domain protein that determines hull fate and affects grain yield and quality in rice.
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Gong R., Cao H., Zhang J., Xie K., Wang D., Yu S.
Plant J. 2018 94(1) 32-47
Divergent functions of the GAGA-binding transcription factor family in rice.
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Chandran V., Wang H., Gao F., Cao X.L., Chen Y.P., Li G.B., Zhu Y., Yang X.M., Zhang L.L., Zhao Z.X., Zhao J.H., Wang Y.G., Li S., Fan J., Li Y., Zhao J.Q., Li S.Q., Wang W.M.
Front Plant Sci 2018 9 1999
MiR396-<i>OsGRF</i>s Module Balances Growth and Rice blast disease-Resistance.
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Li S., Tian Y., Wu K., Ye Y., Yu J., Zhang J., Liu Q., Hu M., Li H., Tong Y., Harberd N.P., Fu X.
Nature 2018 560(7720) 595-600
Modulating plant growth-metabolism coordination for sustainable agriculture.
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Sun P., Zhang W., Wang Y., He Q., Shu F., Liu H., Wang J., Wang J., Yuan L., Deng H.
J Integr Plant Biol 2016
OsGRF4 controls grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering in rice.
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Li S., Gao F., Xie K., Zeng X., Cao Y., Zeng J., He Z., Ren Y., Li W., Deng Q., Wang S., Zheng A., Zhu J., Liu H., Wang L., Li P.
Plant Biotechnol. J. 2016
The OsmiR396c-OsGRF4-OsGIF1 regulatory module determines grain size.and yield in Rice.
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Hu J., Wang Y., Fang Y., Zeng L., Xu J., Yu H., Shi Z., Pan J., Zhang D., Kang S., Zhu L., Dong G., Guo L., Zeng D., Zhang G., Xie L., Xiong G., Li J., Qian Q.
Mol Plant 2015
A rare allele of GS2 enhances grain size and grain yield in rice.
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Kuijt S.J., Greco R., Agalou A., Shao J., 't Hoen CC., Overnäs E., Osnato M., Curiale S., Meynard D., van Gulik R., Maraschin Sde F., Atallah M., de Kam RJ., Lamers G.E., Guiderdoni E., Rossini L., Meijer A.H., Ouwerkerk P.B.
Plant Physiol. 2014 164(4) 1952-66
Interaction between the GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR and KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX Families of Transcription Factors[W].
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Ye,R., Yao,Q.H., Xu,Z.H. and Xue,H.W.
Plant J. 2004 38(2) 348-357
Development of an efficient method for the isolation of factors involved in gene transcription during rice embryo development.
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Choi, D., J.H. Kim and H. Kende
Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 45 (7) 897-904
Whole genome analysis of the OsGRF gene family encoding plant-specific putative transcription activators in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
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DB Reference
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Gramene ID
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-
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Ontologies
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Gene Ontology
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regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process( GO:0006109 )
regulation of nuclear mRNA splicing, via spliceosome( GO:0048024 )
nitrogen compound metabolic process( GO:0006807 )
positive regulation of nitrogen utilization( GO:0045848 )
response to heat( GO:0009408 )
internode patterning( GO:0080006 )
negative regulation of cell growth( GO:0030308 )
response to gibberellin stimulus( GO:0009739 )
response to cold( GO:0009409 )
inflorescence development( GO:0010229 )
secondary cell wall biogenesis( GO:0009834 )
ATP binding( GO:0005524 )
nucleus( GO:0005634 )
positive regulation of cell division( GO:0051781 )
transcription, DNA-dependent( GO:0006351 )
regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent( GO:0006355 )
transcription activator activity( GO:0016563 )
hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides( GO:0016818 )
positive regulation of cell growth( GO:0030307 )
regulation of unidimensional cell growth( GO:0051510 )
regulation of growth( GO:0040008 )
regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process( GO:0051171 )
defense response to fungus( GO:0050832 )
defense response to insect( GO:0002213 )
seed development( GO:0048316 )
hormone-mediated signaling( GO:0009755 )
regulation of cell division( GO:0051302 )
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Trait Ontology
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tiller number( TO:0000346 )
seed set percent( TO:0000455 )
heat tolerance( TO:0000259 )
grain weight( TO:0000590 )
seed development trait( TO:0000653 )
embryo development trait( TO:0000620 )
flowering time( TO:0002616 )
plant height( TO:0000207 )
grain yield per plant( TO:0000449 )
grain length( TO:0000734 )
gibberellic acid sensitivity( TO:0000166 )
grain shattering( TO:0000473 )
inflorescence length( TO:0000271 )
1000-dehulled grain weight( TO:0000592 )
cold tolerance( TO:0000303 )
inflorescence development trait( TO:0000621 )
brown planthopper resistance( TO:0000424 )
blast disease( TO:0000074 )
grain width( TO:0000402 )
1000-seed weight( TO:0000382 )
cytokinin content( TO:0002660 )
panicle length( TO:0000040 )
grain shape( TO:0002730 )
grain yield( TO:0000396 )
grain size( TO:0000397 )
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Plant Ontology
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inflorescence development stage( PO:0001083 )
seed development stage( PO:0001170 )
root tip( PO:0000025 )
shoot apex( PO:0000037 )
anther( PO:0009066 )
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Related Strains
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Phenotype images
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Last updated
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Sep 23, 2025
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Update info.