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Wheat Information Service
Number 94: 9-13 (2002)
Research article


Grain quality of durum wheat germplasm as affected by heat and drought stress at grain filling period

A. Arzani

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Techriology, Isfahan- 84156,Iran


Summary

Various physical and chemical screening tests can be used to predict pasta-cooking quality of the experimental lines in a durum wheat breeding program. In the present study, 300 durum wheat genotypes were evaluated for kernel characteristics contributing to end-product quality under irrigated field conditions. This study was conducted during 1998 and 1999 growing seasons at two sites of Abarkoh and Isfahan located in central of Iran. A combination of heat and drought stress occurred at Abarkoh region during grain filling period where air temperature ranged from 34 to 42C which accompanied with a hot and dry wind. The maximum temperature exceeded 8-10C from the long-term averages in May and June in this area during 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. The following criteria were used: test weight, grain hardiness, protein content, wet and dry gluten contents and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-sedimentation volume. Variation among genotypes for grain quality characteristics indicated and genotype responses to the environmental conditions varied. Statistical analysis using a paired t test indicated a significant differences (P<0.01) between two regions for all grain quality characteristics and the highest values were recorded where a combination of heat and drought stress occurred at grain filling period in Abarkoh region. The results also revealed that some genotypes have a similar protein content ranking under both heat and dry environment and optimal environment, while others have a substantially different ranking under optimal and stressed environments. Genotypes Osta/Gata, ICDW 7639 and PI40100 provide a good example of the former response, where their protein content ranked similarly in both of stressed and optimal environments.

Key words: durum wheat, Triticum turgidum, grain quality, protein content



E-mail: a_arzani@cc.iut.ac.ir

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