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The resistance expression of wheat-alien amphiploid is mostly
dependent on genotype of wheat. The rust and powdery mildew
resistance from S. cereale were quite easily expressed
in its amphiploid with T. durum (Singh and Sethi 1994). The
present results also showed that the stripe 'rust and powdery mildew
resistance from S. africanum were expressed in this
amphiploid. But the studies on another amphiploid involved different
tetraploid wheat did not express the resistance from their donor
S. africanum (Yang et al. unpublished). Therefore, on the
utilization of alien resistance, the genotype of wheat should be
considered in order to provide a wheat background for its resistance
expression.
In addition, the different resistance genes existed in chromosomes of
different rye-derived, such as gene Pm8 in 1R of Petkus rye,
but Pm17 in that of Insave (Heun and Friebe 1990). S.
africanum was a species different from cultivated rye. It is
possible that powdery mildew or stripe rust resistance genes in
S. africanum may be different from the genes in
S. cereale. The amphiploid can be used as a new
germplasm for improving the resistance of wheat.
The bread-making quality of Sichuan, China was very poor and the
Glu-1 quality score for the composition of HMW-GS in Sichuan
cultivars was rather low (Li and Wang 1998; Yen 1999). Moreover,
stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance provided by 1RS/1BL
translocation chromosome, widely existed in 70 percent of Sichuan
wheat cultivars, was overcome (Chen and Ren 1996). Searching for
novel germplasm resource was of importance for Sichuan wheat
breeding. Based on the present study, the HMW-GS 2* of Glu-A1
and 23+18 of Glu-B1 in the amphiploid of T. durum cv.
Ailanmai and S. africanum can be transferred to
Sichuan wheat in order to increase the diversity for the composition
of Glu-1 subunits in Sichuan released varieties. Meanwhile,
the stripe rust and powdery mildew resistance of S.
africanum in the amphiploid can also be utilized to improve
the disease resistance to new races. Therefore, the amphiploid can
serve as a new source for Sichuan wheat breeding for quality and
resistance.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the National Natural Science
Foundation of China and the Science and Technology Committee of
Sichuan Province, China for their financial supports. We particularly
thank Prof. Jiang HR for providing the seeds of amphiploid.
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