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Wheat Information Service
Number 91: 20-24 (2000)
Research article

Identification of amphiploid between Tritium durum kV. Ailanmai native to Sichuan, China and Secale africanum

Zu-Jun Yang1, Guang-Rong Li1 and Zheng-Long Ren2

1Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Dujiangyan city 611830, Sichuan, China
2 Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan city 625014, Sichuan, China


Summary

An amphiploid between Tritium durum native to Sichuan, China, and Secale africanum was evaluated by cytological observation, seed storage protein electrophoresis analysis and disease resistance surveys. Feulgen staining and Giemsa-C banding of somatic metaphases indicated that the nucleoli from S. africanum were frequently suppressed in the amphiploid. APAGE and SDS-PAGE showed that most gliadin and glutenin of both parents were observed in the endosperm of the amphiploid with codominant expression. Inoculated by the stripe rust and powdery mildew isolates, the amphiploid totally expressed the resistance from S. africanum. It is concluded that the amphiploid can be used to triticale and wheat breeding for quality and diseases resistances.

Key words: T. durum, S. africanum, amphiploid, giemsa C-banding, seed storage protein


Introduction

Wheat cultivar improvement is dependent on. a continued supply of genetic variability. The tribe Triticeae offers a vast genepool in which most agronomically interesting traits including some not existed in wheat are available. Genus Sequelae consists of cultivated rye (S. cereale) and five annual or perennial wild species (Love 1984). Above all, S. cereale had provided many desirable genes, such as those for resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses, to world wheat breeding. Studies on gene transfer involving the wild species of Sequelae were mainly carried out on S. montanum and the substitution, translocation lines between wheat and S. montanum were obtained (Miller 1973; Montero et al. 1986; Cuadrado and Jouve 1995). But reports on other wild Sequelae species, such as S. africanum were rather limited (Sharma and Gill, 1983).

The production of amphiploid is an important step for successful gene introgression, and the amphiploid also allows more reliable evaluation of genomic interaction between the alien species and wheat (Jiang et al. 1994). To obtain the amphiploid, the crossability of wheat genotype should be used. A tetraploid wheat line, Tritium durum cv. Ailanmai, native to Jianyang of Sichuan, China, was reported to have high crossability genes with alien species (Jiang et al. 1988; Pen, et al. 1998; Liu et al. 1999). The amphiploid between Ailanmai and Tritium tauschii was obtained for successfully transferring the novel tolerances to preharvest sprouting from T. tauschii to wheat (Lan et al. 1997). In order to utilize the novel gene from S. africanum (2n=14; genome RaRa), amphiploid between Ailanmai and S. africanum was developed through colchicine treated hybrid F1, and the morphological observation of the amphiploids were also carried out (Jiang et al. 1992). In present paper, we attempted to identify amphiploid (2n=42, AABBRaRa ) and describe the gene expression of S. africanum in the amphiploid involving nucleolus, seed storage protein and disease resistance. Moreover, the breeding value of the amphiploid to wheat and triticale was also discussed.
E-mail: yangzj@public.cd.sc.cn

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