In this research, Aegilops species were collected from the region of Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Antalya, Icel, Gaziantep, Van, Bursa, Izmir, Bitlis, Denizli, Diyarbakir and especially from Southern-east Anatolia from the various altitudes with collection programs throughout Turkey. Selection of the collected material was done depending on the maximum, minimum and average altitude of origin.
Samples of Ae. biuncialis were collected from 400m, 750m and 1140m altitudes. As a result of tests the distribution of bands for the samples from 400m altitude were 2;2;3;13 for alpha, beta, gamma, omega respectively, for the samples from 750m were 2;1;4;13 and for the samples from 1140m were 1;1 ;2;17. The maximum number of bands of samples of Ae. biuncialis were on omega gliadin region. In Ae. columnaris, samples of this group were collected from 530m, 150m and 750 m altitudes. The maximum number of bands was in omega gliadin region. For the sample from 530m, the distributions of bands were 0;0;2;12 for alpha, beta, gamma, omega regions respectively, for 150m were 0;1;4;13 and for 750m were 0;1;3;12. Samples from Ae. crassa were collected from 550m, 375m and 625m altitudes. The distribution of bands was 1;2;2;12 for the sample from 550m for alpha, beta, gamma, omega gliadin regions respectively, 0;1;4;10 for 375m and 1;1;2;10 for 625 m. Three samples examined of Ae. cylindrica were collected from 455m, 1720m and 2100m altitudes. The distribution of bands was 1;0;3;13 for the sample from 455m, 1;0;3;11 for the one from 1720m and 1;0;3;11 for the sample from 2100m for alpha, beta, gamma, omega gliadin regions. Samples examined of Ae. ovata were collected from 150m, 700m and 1140m. In three of all samples of this species, shared relative mobility was determined. The distribution of bands for the sample from 150m was 1;2;4;13, from 700 was 1;2;5;10 and from 1140m was 1;2;4;7 in alpha,beta,gamma,omega gliadin regions, respectively. The maximum number of bands was in omega gliadin regions in all samples. Three samples of Ae. triaristata were collected from Om, 575m and 1150m altitudes. The distribution of bands was 0;0;5;10 for the sample from Om, 0;0;4;9 for the sample from 575m and 0;0;4;10 for the sample from 1150m in alpha, beta, gamma, omega gliadin regions. The maximum number of bands was in omega gliadin region. In Ae. triuncialis, samples were collected from 410m, 1120m and 1720m altitudes. The distribution of bands was 1;2;3;13 for the sample from 410m, 0;2;2;13 for the sample from 1120m and 2;3;4;13 for the sample from 1720m in alpha, beta, gamma, omega gliadin regions, respectively. The maximum number of bands was also in for omega gliadin region (Table 1).
Electrophoregrams of tetraploid species indicated that gliadin band patterns of each sample were homogenous. Additionally it was determined that gliadin bands of the samples belonging to the same species showed similarity in distribution. However, complex band structure was observed in some columns of the samples of Ae. triuncialis, Ae. triaristata and Ae. crassa. This is due to the reason that the samples were collected as populations. This can be assumed as an indication of genetic diversity. Gliadin band distribution figures showed that distribution area got special values for individual species. For all species (Aegilops spp.) omega gliadin region had the maximum number of bands, whereas there was no band on a region for the species of Ae. columnaris and Ae. triaristata, and there was no band on beta region for the species of Ae. cylindrica and Ae. triaristata. Relative mobility values and the number of bands obtained were similar within the species but different between the species (Fig. 2). After determination of band numbers related to quality characteristics of wheat, relative mobility values will be used in selection in further studies.
Plant breeders and scientists dealing with biotechnology need evaluation information together with passport information of the genetic resources material with their studies. For this purpose, some wild tetraploid wheat species have been examined for their banding pattern by means of PAGE method. Some basic information has been provided for identification of the species and for breeding programs. In future gliadin compositions of internationally known species will be compared by using computer and automatic gel evaluation system will be used by means of densitometric scanning.