(1) We have constructed the respective genome libraries from the male and female liverwort using PAC vector. In order to isolate the clones which are specific either male or female sex chromosomes (X and Y chromosomes, respectively), we are approaching to it by FISH method and genome subtraction using PAC libraries. (2) We have made cDNA libraries derived from female sexual organ. In order to investigate the gene expression specific sexual organ, we have sequences approximately 1000 cDNA and obtained several sex related cDNA clones.

Y. Ogihara, K. Isono, T. Kojima, H. Tsuzuki and A. Endo (Kihara Inst. for Biol. Res., Yokohama City Univ.), R. Murai and K. Murai (Res. Inst. of Agr. Res., Ishikawa Agr. Coll.), M. Hanaoka and T. Shiina (Grad. Schl. Human and Environ. Studies, Kyoto Univ.), T. Terachi (Dept. of Biotech., Fac. of Engineer., Kyoto Sangyo Univ.), S. Utsugi and M. Murata (Res. Inst. for Biores., Okayama Univ.), N. Mori and S. Takumi (Dept. of Biol. and Environ. Sci., Fac. Agr., Kobe Univ.), K. Ikeo and T. Gojobori (Cent. Inform. Biol., Natl. Inst. Genet.), Y. Matsuoka, Y. Ohnishi, H. Tajiri and K. Tsunewaki (Dept. Biosci., Fukui Pref. Univ.)

Complete sequence of. wheat chloroplast DNA

The complete sequence of chloroplast (cp) DNA of common wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring, have been determined. The wheat chloroplast genome has 134,363bp, in total. The basic structure and gene content of wheat cp DNA were similar to its relatives, rice and maize. In the inverted repeat regions, 23S, 16S, 4.5S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes were involved. 30 tRNA genes were dispersed in the plastome. 63 genes encoding functional proteins reported in rice cpDNA were also found in wheat cpDNA. Some structural alterations of wheat cpDNA in comparison to the arrangement of rice cpDNA were detected.

M. Nishida (Dept. Mar. Biosci., Fukui Pref. Univ.)

Examining genetic structure and history of species through DNA analysis: Case studies in marine. biology

Most marine organisms inhabit coastal areas sedentarily as adults, but spend their early life stages as planktonic larvae. Though the sedentary adult stage appears the phase of genetic divergence among populations, the planktonic larval stage is that of genetic homogenization. These two life stages, therefore, have opposite functions to form genetic population structure. It is intriguing to understand patterns, of genetic structure of populations in typical marine organisms with such life history. Here I introduce examples of studies to examine those patterns through DNA analysis in the hope that these case studies in marine biology would provide some insight for terrestrial plant geneticists.

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