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Wheat Information Service
Number 84: 40-48 (1997)
Research article

Inheritance of resistance to stem rust in five bread wheat cultivars

Ram Charan and P. Bahadur

Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India


Summary

Five bread wheat cvs. HD 2135, HD 2160, HD 2189, HD 2285 and Vaishali were crossed with susceptible wheat, Agra local, to study inheritance of resistance to four selected pathotypes 21(9G5), 21A-2(75G5), 40- 1(62G29-1) and 117A(36G2) of P. graminis tritici. Segregation of seedlings in F₂ and families in F₃ for resistance to above pathotypes suggested the presence of three dominant and one recessive genes for resistance in HD 2135, two dominant and one recessive genes in HD 2160, four dominant genes in HD 2189, 3 dominant and two complementary recessive genes in HD 2285, and five dominant genes in Vaishali. An adult plant resistance gene Sr2 was also identified in HD 2135, HD 2189, HD 2285 and Vaishali based on mottling effect in the seedlings. Diallele tests further revealed the presence of an additional dominant gene in HD 2189 and two dominant genes in Vaishali for resistance to pathotype 40-1(62G29-1). Genes Sr11 and Sr30 were confirmed in HD 2189 and HD 2285 by test of allelism.


Introduction

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the most important cereal crop in global agricultural economy, is cultivated in diverse agroclimatic regions of the world. India with 24 million hectares, is the fourth largest wheat producing country contributing about eight per cent of total production in the world. The production in India has risen from 5.6 million tons in 1947-48 to about 63 million tons in 1994-95, showing a dramatic turn during the last 3 decades (Anon. 1996). To enable sustainable wheat production, emphasis is given to develope varieties that have durable resistance to diseases and greater tolerance to environmental stress. Rusts are the most destructive diseases and responsible for the colossal damage to wheat crop. Cultivars HD 2135 and HD 2189 were developed in 1975 and 1979 respectively for cultivation in central and peninsular India, HD 2285 was released in 1983 for North western India and Vaishali was developed in 1993 by incorporating an alien gene Sr24/Lr24. HD 2160 is a triple dwarf, widely used as a donor in Indian wheat breeding programme. All the above varieties have high degree of resistance to rusts and other diseases but their genetic constitution is still not known. Therefore, inheritance of resistance was studied in cultivars, HD 2135, HD 2160, HD 2189, HD 2285 and Vaishali to 4 prevalent test pathotypes 21(9G5), 21A- 2(75G5), 40-1(62G29-1), 117A(36G2) of Puccinia graminis (Pers.) f. sp. tritici (Erikss. and Henn).

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