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M. Otani & T. Shimada
(Res. Inst. of Agrc. Resources, Ishikawa Agr. Coll.)
Recent advances in wheat anther culture
Efficient methods for pollen embryo production from cultured
anthers of common and emmer wheat have been established. Filter
sterilized W14 medium (Ouyang et al. 1988) and C17 medium (Wang et
al. 1986) containing 0.26M maltose were effective for the pollen
embryo production in all genotypes tested. The pollen embryos were
produced at high frequency when anthers were cultured in these media
at 28oC in the dark. We cultured the anthers of various
genotypes containing some aneuploid lines of common and emmer wheat
to investigate the genetic factors for the anther culture ability.
The genetic factors of the pollen embryo formation, regeneration from
pollen embryos and the green plant production were revealed to be
controlled by a few individual major genes.
S. Takumi (Res. Inst. Agr. Resources, Ishikawa Agr.
Coll.)
Production and characterization of transgenic wheat through particle
bombardment
Transformation system in wheat was developed by using particle
bombardment. Transgenic wheat plants were produced from scutellar
tissues of immature embryos bombarded with the bar selectable marker
gene, and this transformation frequency was influenced by pre-culture
duration and genotype. To study the mobility of maize transposable
elements in wheat, the Ac /Ds elements were introduced into
two cultured cell lines. By the phenotypic assay and the following
molecular analyses, the transposition of the elements were confirmed.
Moreover, transgenic plants with both the Ac transposase gene and
Ds element were produced, and the integration and expression
of Ac/Ds in the T1 generation were confirmed.
Y. Matsuoka & K. Tsunewaki (Fac. of Biosei., Fukui Pref.
Univ.)
Wheat retrotransposon families in cereal genomes: their distribution
and evolutionary rate
We addressed (1) the family structure of wheat retrotransposons
and (2) their distribution in cereal genomes. Seven wheat
retrotransposon families were identified by analyses of the 243 bp
reverse transcriptase domain. All these families were common to the
genomes of ancestral diploid species of common wheat, and barely and
rye. Family 1 retrotransposons were detected in rice and three
millets from tribe Paniceae, indicating their very ancient origin.
The nucleotide sequence comparison between Family 1 retrotransposons
and other nuclear genes from wheat and rice suggested that Family 1
retrotransposons evolved at similar rate to that of nuclear
genes.
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