(go
to KOMUGI Home) (go
to WIS List) (go
to NO.83 Contents)
K. Murai (Res. Inst.
Agr. Resources, Ishikawa Agr. Coll.)
Photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility caused by
Aegilops crassa cytoplasm
Photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) has been
found to be caused by interaction between the Aegilops
crassa cytoplasm and the nuclear genomes of some Japanese
wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars (Murai and Tsunewaki 1993,
1995). Based on PCMS, a 'two-line system' for hybrid wheat production
can be proposed. Eleven F1 hybrids have been produced using the PCMS
system and examined for their yield performance (Murai 1995). PCMS
gives us several interesting subjects for investigation, e.g., the
genome-plasmon interaction induced by photoperiod and occurrence of
pistilody. Studies on the molecular mechanism of PCMS are required to
elucidate these problems.
Y. Ogihara1, K. Futami1, K.
Tsuji1 & K. Murai2 (1Kihara
Inst. Biol. Res., Yokohama City U. & Res. 2Inst.
Agr. Resources, Ishikawa Agr. Col.)
Molecular basis of nuclear-cytoplasm hybrids showing
photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat
Analyses of structure and transcription patterns of mitochondrial
genes in alloplasmic wheats showing photoperiod-sensitve cytoplasmic
male sterility (PCMS) were carried out, to assess the molecular basis
of that phenomenon. The RFLP and transcription patterns of
orf25 gene in alloplasmic wheats differed from those of their
parental speices, i.e., Aegilops crassa, suggesting that the
transcriptions of orf25 are associated with PCMS phenomenon.
The analyses of DNA sequencing and primer extension of orf25
in both of alloplasmic and euplasmic lines indicate that the promoter
of the gene in Ae.
crassa was replaced by that of rap7 and the transcript of
Ae. crassa pure line was shorter about 300
nucleotides than
that of alloplasmic lines.
S. Oata1, M. Morikawa2, T.
Tominaga3 & Y. Furuta4 (1Fukui
Pref. Univ., 2 Osaka@Pref. Univ., 3Shinsu
Univ., 4Gifu Univ.)
A short report on the field research in Spain and Morocco by the Gifu
University Scientific Exploration in the Mediterranean Region in 1995
(GSEM95)
Three years' field research project in the Mediterranean region,
supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture,
Japan (Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Program:
Field Research No. 07041133),
was schemed to
calrify close relationships among man, crops and weeds in the
agricultural system based on wheat and barley. Spain and Morocco were
surveyed from May 24
to September 1
as the first year research work of the project. The research in Spain
was carried out as a cooperative work with Dr. R. Ponz Ascaso,
CRF-INIA. A total of 373
samples,
including Triticum
spelta, T. dicoccum, Aegilops ventricosa, Avena
spp. etc., were collected
from the Canary Islands, Cuenca and Asturias. In Morocco, a
cooperative field research with INRA collected a total of
1,346
samples of plant
materials from the north-western coastal plain, the High Atlas
Mountains and the Rif Mountains. T. monococcum, Ae. ventricosa,
Ae. ovata ssp. atlantica, Haynaldia hordeasea and endemic
Avena spp. were successfully collected during the trip.
A detailed report is now being prepared and will be published
elsewhere.
<--Back |-->Next
(go
to KOMUGI Home) (go
to WIS List) (go
to NO.83 Contents)