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The cultivars M-143, Sarsabz
and Mexipak exhibited an additional band 2BL2.41, not observed in
other cultivars including Chinese Spring. The terminal band 3BS2.7
was missing in Jauhar and Sarsabz. The band 3BL2.41 observed in
Jauhar, M-143, Pavon and Sarsabz was absent in other cultivars.
Jewell and Mujeeb-Kazi (1983) reported maximum differences in
N-banding patterns of 3B chromosome in Chinese Spring and Veery.
Proximal band 4BS1.7 was not observed in M-143, Sindh-81, Sarsabz and
Mexipak, while the proximal band 4BL1.5 was missing in M-143 and
Pavon. The terminal band 6BS3.6 of the satellite was not observed in
Mexipak, Sonalika and ZA-77, while in the rest of cultivars this band
was very faint. The terminal bands 1BL2.7 and 6BL2.5 observed in
Chinese Spring by Gill et al. (1991) were not found in our material
of the same cultivar. An extra terminal band 7BL2.61 was observed
clearly in M-143, Sindh-81, Sarsabz (Fig.
2) and faintly in
Mexipak, while it was not observed in rest of the cultivars. Chen et
al. (1988) reported the differences in N-banding patterns of B genome
in three endemic hexaploid wheats from western China.
Chromosomes 1D and 7D showed characteristic bands 1DS1.3 and 7DS1.5,
respectively, in the interstitial regions, while the chromosome 2D
exhibited bands 2DS1.3 and 2DL1.7. The terminal band 2DL1.7 was
observed in cv. Sindh-81 only (Table
1). According to
Endo and Gill (1984), chromosomes 3A, 5A, 2D and 7D showed the same
banding patterns in their four cultivars as compared to the Chinese
Spring. The bands reported earlier as 1BL2.7 and 6BL2.5 in cv.
Chinese Spring were not observed in our material. Four bands viz.,
2BL2.41, 3BL2.41, 7BL2.61 and 2DL1.7 not observed in the cv. Chinese
Spring, were observed in some of the local cultivars
(Table
1). Endo (1986)
reported bands in all chromosomes except 1A of Chinese Spring by the
C-banding and found the similar banding patterns in fourteen
chromosomes as those found in the N-banded karyotype.
An intervarietal polymorphism of heterochromatin distribution was
confirmed by the banding technique which may be used to study the
pedigree, chromosomal aberrations like deletion, duplication,
translocation and to differentiate among cultivars. Through DNA
composition the heterogeneity of heterochromatin can be revealed
further as specific DNA sequences are involved in the composition of
heterochromatin (Gerlach and Peacock 1980). The differential DNA
sequences and DNA protein composition may account for heterochromatic
heterogeneity as observed by banding procedures.
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