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FISH analysis using total genomic Ae. speltoides DNA

In all tetraploid wheats, the B or G genome chromatin was easily distinguished from the A genome chromatin, because the Ae. speltoides probe was preferentially hybridized to the B or G genome chromosomes. No hybridization sites were observed in any chromosomes of the diploid wheat. Three A genome chromosomes of T. dicoccoides showed terminal translocation: one is on the long arm and two are on the short arm. In T. dicoccum, two chromosomes showed terminal translocation in the long arm. One chromosome carried two hybridization sites at terminal position in the short arm and in the middle of the long arm.

The FISH pattern of T. araraticum showed three kinds of chromosome translocations. The satellite and the proximal 30% of the short arm of chromosome 6A were labeled. Two other A genome chromosomes had only a localized telomeric or interstitial ISH sites.

Nonhomoeologous translocation between chromosomes 6A, 1G and 4G in the timopheevi wheats

As for the present structures of chromosomes 6A, 1G, and 4G and their origins, we can speculate a hypothesi s involving two translocation events, as shown in
Fig. 2. The most possible course of events is a reciprocal interchromosomal translocation of the ori ginal 1G short arm including the satellite and the original 6A short ar1GS-6AS breakpoint, and part of the original 4G short arm. The presence of a tiny segment of the G genome chromatin in two other A genome chromosomes can be explained by transposition, but its mechanism is unknown. Further molecular evidence of these intergenomic translocations, as Liu et al (1992) pointed out, will be achieved by the development of RFLP-based genetic map.


Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 04305009) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan and a grant from Sapporo Bioscience Foundation, Japan.


References

Dvorak J and Zhang HB (1990) Variation in repeated nucleotide sequences sheds light on the phylogeny of the wheat B and G genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 87: 9640-9644.

Liu CJ, Atkinson MD, Chinoy CN, Devos KM and Gale MD (1992) Nonhomoeologous translocations between group 4, 5 and 7 chromosomes within wheat and rye. Theor Appl Genet 83: 305-312.

Mukai Y and Gill BS (1991) Detection of barley chromatin added to wheat by genomic in
situ hybridization. Genome 34: 448-452.

Mukai Y, Friebe B, Hatchett JH, Yamamoto M and Gill BS (1993) Molecular cytogenetic analysis of radition-induced wheat-rye terminal and intercalary chromatin specifying resistance to Hessian fly. Chromosoma 102: 88-95.

Tsunewaki K, Mukai Y and Endo TR (1980) General discussion and conclusion In: Genetic Diversity of the Cytoplasm in
Triticum and Aegilops, (ed.: K. Tsunewaki), pp. 159-209. Japan Soc Prom Sci, Tokyo.

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