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5. Pathogenetic
disease/pest reaction
Reaction to Mayetiola destructor --- H
ISH using total donor species genomic DNA probes can be used as a
generalized method for the detection of donor chromatin including a
target marker gene in genomes of recipient species. A tiny segment of
rye chromatin in wheat specifying resistance to Hessian fly was
inserted into the proximal region of the long arm of chromosome 4A
(Mukai et al submitted).
6. Enzymes --- alpha-Amy
A genomic alpha-amylase DNA clone cross-hybridized to several
chromosomes of Chinese Spring wheat under chromosomal in situ
suppression (CISS) hybridization conditions by using competitor DNA
(total wheat DNA). The alpha-Amy loci were physically mapped
at two interstitial locations in the long arm of chromosome 6B
(0.21FL and 0.69FL). These loci may correspond to alpha-Amy3
and alpha-AmyB1. The alpha-Amy3 and alpha-AmyB1
genes on chromosome 6BL were mapped genetically by Nishikawa
(personal communication) to 5.5 and 13.7 crossing-over units from the
centromere, respectively.
7. Endosperm strage proteins --- Gli
A genomic clone containing a wheat gamma-gliadin gene was used
as a probe. Hybridization sites were detected on chromosomes 1B, 1D,
3B, 5B and 6B of Chinese Spring wheat. Chromosone pairs 1B and 1D had
terminal singals in the short arm. However, the gliadins are well
known to be controlled by genes on the short arms of the chromosomes
of homoeologous groups 1 and 6.
8. Restores for cytoplasmic male sterility
---
Rfv1
A fertility-restoring gene, Rfv1 against Ae.
kotschyi cytoplasm is known to locate on the short arm of
chromosome 1B of Chinese Spring (Mukai and Tsunewaki 1979). From the
telocentric mapping, the distance between the Rfv1 gene and
the centromere is estimated to be 34 cM (Hamawaki and Mukai 1980).
Many male sterile plants were found in the offspring of a cross,
Chinese Spring with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm x an alien
addition line of Chinese Spring having an Ae. cylindrica
chromosome. We isolated an array of deletions in the short arm of
chromosome 1B. The Rfv1 locus was physically mapped at
position about one third of the satellite length from the centromere
(Mukai et al in preparation).
9. 5S ribosomal RNA --- 5S-Rrna
In Chinese Spring wheat twelve 5S rRNA loci were physically mapped on
chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 5 (Mukai et al 1990). The FL
location of 5S rRNA loci was 0.77 in 1AS, 0.96 in 1DS, 0.76 in 5AS,
0.63 in 5BS and 0.64 in 5DS. In the 1BS arm, the locus was mapped at
the midpositon (0.5) of the satellite length.
10. Waxiness --- W1
In T. aestivum strain Salmon, a segment of chromosome 2B
carring a waxy locus W1 is deleted (Tsunewaki 1964). In most
strains of T. aestivum ISH patterns of pSc119 probe revealed
that chromosome 2B short arm contained one major terminal site,
whereas Salmon lost half of a terminal ISH site. Three deletions in
chromosome 2B short arm of Chinese Spring were deficient in the
W1 locus (Endo et al unpublished). Thus, we can map the
W1 locus on the distal end of chromosome 2B short arm.
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