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Wheat Information Service
Number 72: 42-45 (1991)


Genetic divergence in some wheat strains and their hybrids

I. Singh and R. K. Behl

Department of Plant Breeding, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India


Introduction

Quite often genetic divergence among parents has been referred to as a deterministic factor of the inherent potential of a cross in terms of its per se, combining ability effects and segregational ability. In that context it is belived that the high genetic divergence would lead to heterotic response in F1 and high frequency of transgressive segregants in F2 generation. High genetic divergence was not found favourable for heterotic response rather medium divergence among parents figured to be more compatible level of divergence (Srivastava and Arunachalam 1977; Arunachalam. et al 1984; Behl et al 1985). Moreover, it is not necessary that group distances measured by multivariate analysis, especially refer to actual genetic divergence among parents entering crosses (Behl et al 1985). Rather clustering pattern of F1 hybrids was found to be influenced by the dominace relationship for few traits with major contribution to total D2-value among parents entering crosses. Quantitative assessment of degree of divergence among genotypes entering crosses and their hybrids in thus essential. Present study was, therefore, conducted to determine genetic divergence among 36 F1 hybrids and their 9 parents.


Materials and Methods

Nine cultivars, namely, 1. WL 711, 2. NP 846, 3. WG 377, 4. HD 1981, 5. UP 262, 6. HD 1925, 7. HD 2122, 8. Raj 821 and 9. Sonalika of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), suitable for different agro-ecological conditions, were crossed in all possible combinations (excluding reciprocals) to yield 36 F1 hybrids. The parents and F1s were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in two locations with centrasting environments i.e., normal environment (irrigated) at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar and stress environment (rainfed) at Dry Farming Research Centre (HAU) Bawal. The plot size consisted of a 3 m long single row for each parent and F1. The intra- and inter-row plant distances being 15 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Observations on tiller number (NT), number of grains per ear (NG), 1000-grain weight (GW) and grain yield (GY) were recorded on randomly selected five plants from each entry per replications in each environment.

Following the analysis of variance and covariance, the data were subjected to multivariate analysis. Mahalanobis'D2-statistic was used for assessing genetic divergence among genotypes. Generalized statistical distances (TOCHER Method) described by Rao (1952) were used to classify parents and F1s into different clusters. Heterosis was estimated over mid-parent.

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