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Wheat Information Service
Number 72: 14-17 (1991)


Seedling studies on dwarf mutants of tall varieties of rainfed wheat

R. Kumar, H. C. S.
Negi* and K. Kant*

Division of Genetics Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012, India


Summary

The study on the seedlings of three rainfed wheat varieties and their dwarf mutants indicated that in spite of a positive correlation between the coleoptile length and plant height, it is possible to select genotypes having long coleoptile and well developed root system with dwarf plant type suitable for sowing under rainfed conditions. The study also revealed that coleoptile length is not under pleiotropic control of dwarfing gene. Embryonic root number and length are two independent characters.


Introduction

Traditionally tall wheat cultivars, matchless for quality characteristics have remained unexploited for intensive cultivation in agronomically rich environments, obviously due to tendency for lodging. However, under rainfed agriculture they find no substitute from dwarf category. Under moisture stress conditions, seeds are deeply placed in the moist zone to insure maximum germination. In deep sowings recently-developed dwarf wheat varieties have poor seedling emergence due to short coleoptile length, which is known to show significant positive correlation with the plant height (Allan et al 1961). There is thus, a need for identification/induction of new and effective culm shortening genes for non-lodging with standard coleoptile length for better field emergence. Good root system is another important characteristic of rainfed wheats (Rozentreter 1950; Vedrob 1971). Rajendra Kumar (1984) induced dwarfness through experimental mutagenesis in three tall rainfed wheat cultivars. The present attempt is to evaluate the seedling characters of these dwarf mutants to assess their suitability under rainfed conditions.


Materials and Methods

The experimental material for present study comprised of three rainfed wheat varieties C 306, K 65 and NI 5439 and their ten dwarf mutants in M5 generation developed through experimental mutagenesis. Ten dwarf mutants along with three parental lines were sown in three replications in random block design at IARI Experimental Farm, New Delhi. The average height of ten plants per replication was recorded from ground surface to the tallest tiller's earhead excluding awns at maturity. One thousand seeds were counted from the cleaned seed and the weight was recorded for each plot. Twenty seeds/replication of each line were kept for germination in template stands in a seed germinator at
20C under moist conditions for seven days as per ISTA rules (Anonymos 1976). The Laboratory experiment was conducted in three replications. Observations on coleoptile length, embryonic root number and maximum root length were recorded on ten seedlings per replication. Random block design analysis were done for calculating critical difference (C. D.) for each character.


Central Seed Testing Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012.

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