| The frequency of morphological mutants was different and depend on treatments
(Table 2). More mutations were induced in SA and
MNUA treatments. Combined treatments caused a degrease in mutation yield
as compared to separate treatment. The frequency of morphological mutants
in M3 generation was much higher than in M2 generation.
In this study no chlorophyll mutations was observed in M2 and
M3 generation. A great number of mutants were isolated from the
M2 and M3 generation with different morphological
characters e.g. early, plant height, spike length, leaft length and resistance
to diseases. Discussion Results obtained in the present study shown that SA and MNUA is powerful mutagens for Triticale. The most important is that azide induced higher mutation yield with very little influence on M1 height of plant as compared to MNUA. These results are in confirm with Konzak et al. (1975) and Olejniczak Patyna (1981) who have observed similar effect after treatment with SA and MNUA. Although a slight mutagenic action of SA was found by Gichner and Weleminsky (1977) in Arabidopsis and Niknejad (1978) in chickpea. In general separate treatment with mutagens had no influence on yield components in M1 generation. In combined treatments when azide was used after MNUA decrease height of plant was observed, as compared to AS with MNUA treatment. The same effect was found by Konzak et al. (1975) in barley and Olejniczak (1986) in maize after combined treatments of MNUA with SA. Application of mutagens in present study did not induced chlorophyll mutations in M2 and M3 generation. This is in agreement with the result obtained by Sapra et al. (1975) in Triticale. The only explanation of this results in Triticale as an alloploid. Its seems necessary to point out that we have selected many morphological mutants with different characters. After treatment with MNUA of Triticale Grzesik (1980) and Olejniczak & Patyna (1984) have also detected Triticale mutants. It is very interesting to point out that induced morphological mutants have been used as materials for hybridization breeding programmes. Mutation breeding is only one of the current methods of Triticale improvement and can produce desirable results when combined with selection or with other methods of manipulating genetic variation. Literature Cited GICHNER T., VELEMINSKY J. 1977. The very low mutagenic activity of sodium azide in Arabidopsis thaliana. Biol. Plant. 19. 153-155. GRZESIK H. 1980. Wplyw chemicznych srodkow mutagenicznych na zmiennosc niektorych cech kilku form Triticale ozimego. Hod. Rosl. Aklim. i Nasienn. 24. 121-168. KONZAK C. F., M. NIKNEJAD, I. WICKHAM and E. DONALDSON, 1975. Mutagenic interaction of sodium azide on mutation induced in barley seeds treated with diethyl sulfate or n-methyln-n-nitrosourea. Mut. Res. 30. 55-62. NlKNEJAD M. KHERADNAM M. and KHOSH-KHUI M. 1978. Spontaneous somatic mutation frequency for seed color in a mutable chicpea pure line and its modification by chemical mutagens. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 58. 235-240. OLEJNICZAK J., H. PATYNA. 1981. Mutagenic effect of N-methyl-n-nitrosourea (MNUA) and sodium azide (SA) in maize line S-75 (Zea mays). Genet. Pol. 22. 290-294. OLEJNICZAK J. and H. PATYNA. 1984. Agronomic characteristics of induced mutants of Triticale Wheat Inf. Serv. 58. 28-30. OLEJNICZAK J. 1986. (in press). Effect of combined treatments of n-nitroso-n-methylurea (MNUA), sodium azide (SA) and gamma radiation in maize. Genet. Pol. SAPRA V. T., J. L. HUGHES and G. C. SHARMA 1976. Effect of sodium azide and N-nitroso-N-methylurea on M1 and M2 generation of hexaploid Triticale (xTricosecale) Wheat Inf. Serv. 41-42 52-55. |
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