| Will these differences disappear in later generations ? In order to give
an answer to this question we have studied the eighth generation of Bezostaya
1, obtained from the treatments of 28, 35 and 41 days of vernalization in
1965. Here we have found still greater differences. All three treatments
had dwarf forms with length up to 60 sm (4.4-52.7%), The ear form in general
retained ; small number of plants had spindle-like ears (from 0 to 10.5%).
The length of the ear greatly varied (from 4 to 12 sm.). Most of the families
had vitreous grain and some of the lines had semi-vitreos grain. The difference
in 1000 kernel weight between some families equaled 12 g. They also differed
in their vegetative period ; parallel with extremely early families there
have been obtained late-maturing families (up to 6.3%). Of special interest is grain quality. The grain of the transformed spring wheat Bezostaya 1 was sent for technological analysis. Initial winter wheat Bezostaya 1 and the strong spring variety Saratovskaya 29 were used for comparison. The results show that protein content in grain varied from 14.88 to 17.96% (in the winter control Bezostaya 1 it equaled 12.37%), raw gluten content from 32.5 to 45.6% (25% in the control.) flour strength from 246 to 454 g. (194 J. in the control), sedimentation index from 8.2 to 10.8 ml. (4.1 ml. in the control), bread volume yield from 486 to 544 sm3 (488 sm3 in the control). Saratovskaya 29 in all indices of the analysis, except flour strength, was inferior when compared to spring forms of Bezostaya 1. The given data indicate wide divergence of characters, which is very important for breeders. In this connection in 1974 the transformed forms of wheat (33 spring lines of the sixth generation of the variety Mironovskaya 808 and 25 spring lines of the sixth and nineth generations of the variety Bezostaya 1) were sent to Mironovka Institute of Wheat Breeding for breeding evaluation. As the obtained data indicate, 27 spring lines of the variety Mironovskaya 808 (82%) were superior in yield when compared with the standard variety ; the increase in most cases equaled 5-10 and up to 14 c/ha. 18% of the lines were inferior in yield when compared with the standart. 20 lines of Bezostaya 1 (80%) exceeded the standard in their yield ; the increase amounted to 12 c/ha. Later the best lines were included into competitive trials. Consequently the method of obtaining directed mutations can be broadly used in breeding both winter and spring wheats. Literature Cited BOGOMIADKOV, S.T. 1968 Winter wheat in the Altai. Barnual. BRIGGS, F. and P. NOWLS 1972. Scientific base of plant breeding, Moscow GLOUSHCHENKO O. 1971. On persistent modifications and directed varibility of winter wheat. Doklady VASKhNIL, 3. GLOUSHCHENKO O. E.I., KHORKOV F.M. RESH and O.N. SAMBUROVA 1972. Experimental transformation of winter wheat into hereditary spring wheat, Selskokhoziaystvennaya biologia 3. DAVITASHVILI L. Sh. 1970. Variability of organisms in geological past. Tbilisi. ENCHEV J. 1971. New tendency in growing two-row barley, Rastenievgni nauki, Sophia 8. HAGEMAN, R. 1962. Cytoplasmic heredity, Moscow HOFMANN F. 1927 Some attempts to modify the germ plasm of Phaseolus vulgaris. Genetics 12. JINKS J. 1966. Non-chromosomal heredity, Moscow LYSSENKO T. 1958. Selected works, Moscow, v. I. LUKIYNENKO P. 1948. The transformation of the nature of winter and spring wheat varieties by changing conditions of vernalization stage, Agrobiologia, 2. RAJKI Sh. 1967. Autumnization and its genetic interpretation. Budapest. REMESLO V. 1970. Some results of winter wheat breeding, Selskokgozi stvennaya biologiya 2. REMESLO V. 1972. Mironovka wheats, Moscow. REMESLO V. 1973. I. GLOUSHCHENKO, G. Platonov - Some aspects of the problem of hereditary variability. Biologicheskiye nauki, 2. SERGEEV V. 1966. Transformation of spring barleys and wheats into winter-habited, Rostov. STOLETOV V. 1957. Intraspecific changes and their character, Moscow. VAVILOV N. 1965. Genetics in socialist agriculture. Izbranniye trudi, Nauka, 5. YOLLOS V. 1939. Grundbegriffe der Vererbungslehre, insbesondere Mutation, Dauermodifikation, Modifikation, Handb. d . Vererbungswissenschaft, Berlin, 1. |
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