| Inheritance of protein content in backcross hybrids
of Triticum aestivum L. Dora BOYADJIEVA The "Malkov. K" Agricultural Experimental Station, Sadovo Plovdiv Country, Bulgaria Protein content is characterized by a relatively limited genetical variation and is rather susceptible to environmental conditions (Hehn and Barmore 1965). With regard to this many difficulties hindered the genetic study and selection of varieties on this trait. The first works to notify the studies on protein inheritance were those of GERIKE 1925; CLARK and HOOKER 1926. More systemic investigation on protein inheritance in simple intervarietal hybrids of Triticum aestivum L. appeared much later (DAVIS 1961, HAUNOLD et al. 1962, JOHNSON et al. 1963, LEBSOCK et al. 1964, KAUL and SOSULSKI 1965, KOTOVA 1966, TANDON 1967; RACHINSKI and RACHINSKA 1968, BOYADJIEVA 1972). The object of the present investigation is protein inheritance in backcross hybrids of Triticum aestivum L. The studies in this aspect will directly contribute to the right choice of accurate methods for breeding on quality. Materials and Methods The studies were conducted on crosses of San Pastore x Bezostaya 1, Panonja x Dardo and Valdichiana x San Pastore. P1, P2, F1 and BCP2 of the cross San Pastore x Bezostaya 1 urged forward the new investigations on the crosses Panonja x Dardo and Valdichiana x San Pastore. The last two ones were tested under field conditions. The study was carried out in 1969, 1970 and 1971. The parental forms, F1, BCP1, BCP2 and F2 were comparatively tested in 1971. Thirty plants of the parental forms, F1, BCP1 and BCP2 as well as 100 F2 plants were tested. Protein content was determined by Keldal's method. All three crosses were contrasting in protein content. The difference in the protein of the parental forms of the cross Panonja x Dardo was 1.7%, the one of San Pastore x Bezostaya 1 was 1.1% and that of the cross Valdichiana x San Pastore was 0.8%. Results and Discussion As it is presented in Table 1, the cross San Pastore x Bezostaya 1 showed intermediate inheritance in F1, the lower protein content partially prevailing. The average value of protein in BCP2 of the cross San Pastore x Bezostaya 1was higher than that of F1 and occupied the place between F1 and P2. When backcrossing with the high protein containing parent Panonja in the cross Panonja x Dardo, BCP1 population was at the level of Panonja. When backcrossing with the low protein containing parent Dardo, however, BCP2 population keeps almost up to the level of F1. Fig. 1 presents the exact distribution of the values for the grain protein content of the parental varieties, F1, BCP1, BCP2 and F2 of the cross Panonja x Dardo. |
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