| T. durum or T. aestivum with the cytoplasms of T. boeoticum,
T. monococcum, Secale sereale (MAAN and LUCKEN 1967, 1968,
1971a, 1971b), or Ae.umbellulata (MAAN 1972) were shown to
be male sterile and have reduced plant vigor. MURAMATSU (1965) reported
that T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' with Ae. umbellulata
cytoplasm had male sterility and normal plant vigor. MAAN and LUCKEN (1969)
and MAAN (1973) reported that T. aestivum with the cytoplasm
of T. timopheevi, T. Zhukovskyi, T. araraticum,
T. dicoccoides var. nudiglumis, or Ae. speltoides
had male sterility. The cytoplasms of these five species had no apparent
differential phenotypic effects on durum or common-wheat plants. However,
cytoplasmic differences among some of these species became apparent during
subsequent research (MAAN and LUCKEN 1972). FUKASAWA (1959), KIHARA and
TSUNEWAKI (1967), and MAAN and LUCKEN (1968b) reported that T. dicoccoides
var. Kotschyanum, T. spelta var. Duhamelianum,
and T. aestivum 'Chinese Spring' restored partial fertility
to wheat with the cytoplasms of Ae. ovata or T. timopheevi;
but Kotschyanum, Duhamelianum, and Chinese Spring did not
restore fertility to wheat with Ae. caudata cytoplasm. However,
T. compactum 44 did restore partial fertility to wheat with
Ae. caudata cytoplasm (KIHARA 1967). Two common wheat lines
R5 and R6 (with male-fertility-restoring genes from T. Zhukovskyi
and T. boeoticum, respectively) restored complete fertility to wheat
with T. timopheevi cytoplasm, restored partial fertility to wheat
with Ae. caudata cytoplasm, and produced F1 hybrids
with a bushy and stunted growth habit from crosses with wheat having Ae.
ovata cytoplasm (MAAN and LUCKEN 1972). These interatcions clearly
differentiated the cytoplasm of Ae. caudata, Ae. ovata, and
T. timopheevi. This paper reports substitution of Triticum genomes into the cytoplasms of eight Aegilops species. Also, differential nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions are reported between certain FR-lines (common wheat with male-fertility-restoring genes) and common wheat with the cytoplasms of T. boeoticum, S. cereale, or Ae. umbellulata. The genomes of T. aestivum and/or T. durum were substituted into the cytoplasms of eight Aegilops species (Table 1), by the backcross method (KIHARA 1951). T. aestivum lines with the cytoplasm of T. boeoticum, S. cereale, or Ae. umbellulata were crossed with FR-lines to study interactions between the nuclear genes derived from certain Triticum species and the Aegilops cytoplasms. |
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