| Tissue culture of wheat, rye, and their hybrid1)
W.F. SHERIDAN Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. Prior to 1967 there were few reports of success in inducing growth of monocotyledonous plants as callus in sterile culture. Since that time considerable progress has been made, with Allium (FRIDBORG, 1971), Asparagus (WILMAR and HELLENDORAN, 1968), and Lilium (SHERIDAN, 1968) in the Liliaceae and Gladiolus (ZIV et al., 1970; SIMONSEN and HILDEBRANDt, 1971) in the Iridaceae having been induced to form callus on the media of LINSMAIER and SKOOG (1965) or the similar medium of MURASHIGE and SKOOG (1962), except for the Allium callus, which was induced on the 5B medium of GAMBORG et al. (1968), a medium originally developed for soybean culture. Among the grasses, CAREW and SCHWARTING (1958) reported induction of callus from rye embryos on a 2,4-D-supplemented, modified Heller's medium; NICKELL in 1964 reported the successful production of sugarcane callus on a supplemented White's medium; and MASCARENHAS et al. (1965) reported callus induction with maize sporophyte tissue on a supplemented White's medium. More recently callus induction and growth was reported for oats on 2,4-D-supplemented Linsmaier and Skoog's medium by CARTER et al. (1967) and for rice, Oryza sativa, on 2,4-D-supplemented Murashige and Skoog medium by the same laboratory (YAMADA et al., 1967). Callus induction with rice on a modified 2,4-D-supplemented White's medium was reported by TAMURA (1968) and on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate and 2,4-D by KAWATA and ISHIHARA (1968). The successful culturing of sorghum callus in liquid and on solidified Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-D was reported by MASTELLER and HOLDEN (1970). The successful culturing of tissue of barley, timothy, brome grass, oats and sorghurn was achieved on a new, completely defined medium by SCHENK and HILDEBRANDT (1972). They noted, however, that other monocots, including rice, wheat, and maize, grew less well on this medium. Barley and wheat (Triticum monococcum and T. aestivum) callus was induced by GAMBORG and EVELEIGH (1968) on their completely defined solidified PRL-4 medium. The callus was subsequently subcultured in suspension culture using their completely defined B-5 medium. Both of their media were supplemented with 2,4-D. The B-5 medium was subsequently used by GAMBORG (1970) and GAMBORG and SHYLUK (1970) to study the effect of ammonium as the sole nitrogen source on the growth of callus of einkorn wheat and several dicots. TRIONE et al. (1968) grew wheat (T. aestivum) callus tissue on Hildebrandt's "D" medium (HILDEBRANT et al., 1946), a modified White's medium, supplemented with 2,4-D. They were successful in growing the callus both in liquid and on solid media. For callus induction, they removed a section from the root-stem axis just below the cotyledonary node. |
| 1) This work was supported by NSF Grant GB 36809. I am grateful to Dr. E.R. SEARS for supplying the seeds used for this work and for his helpful criticism of the manuscript. Copied from the Proceedings of the 4th Wheat Genetics Symposium by the kind permission of the Editors and Organizing Committee. |
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