| The use of T. durum wheat is still very prominent in Turkey. It
can be estimated that nearly 50% of the total acreage is planted to this
kind of wheat. Naturally, much of this wheat is used for bread making, however,
it is a generally accepted fact that T.durum has inferior baking
qualities. It probably would be advisable to convert much of the T. durum
acreage to T. aestivum. These T. aestivum yield tests have
been carried out only for one growing season. The results of at least two
more years of testing are needed to confirm these data. Results of the first
year are shown in Table 2. Fertilizer application
consisted of 120 kg N, 100 kg P2O5 and 60 kg K2O.
This experiment also was conducted on alluvial, fine sandy loam soil. Results
indicate that the Mexican wheats 'Penjamo'. Sm-t, 'Nainari 60', Fr x KAD
and 'Lerma Rojo 64a' were the highest yielders in this test. Eight varieties
and strains yielded significantly higher than the standards. Penjamo yielded
almost twice as much, and Nainari and Lerma Rojo 64a each produced almost
2 tons more than the standards. Penjamo and Lerma Rojo 64 constitute more
than half the shipment of more than 20,000 tons of seed wheat which were
imported from Mexico by the Turkish Government in cooperation with the USAID
and of which 80% Were planted in the coastal regions during fall of 1967. 3. Application of high ferlilizer rates As already pointed out the above mentioned T.aestivum and T. durum varieties and strains are only high yielding under medium and high fertilizer regimes. As a matter of fact, Turkish varieties and standards have produced higher yields than introduced material with a high yielding potential when given none or insufficient amounts of fertilizer because of their better natural adaptability. The dwarf varieties from Mexico can withstand high application of fertilizer without lodging. In newly planted Uniform Regional Wheat Yield Trials 150 kg N and 60 kg P2O5/ha are being applied. The phosphorus was applied as super phosphate in fall prior to planting by mixing with the soil, or it was applied together with the seed through the grain drill when conditions were favorable. The nitrogen is being given in 3 applications in order to reduce leaching during the season of heavy rainfall. For instance during the 1966-67 growing season, winter precipitation at lzmir (Menemen) amounted to 110.9 mm in November, 265.8 mm in December, and 121.3 mm in January. The 3 applications consist of 50 kg N/ha before planting as ammonium sulfate, 50 kg N/ha applied at the beginning of tillering in the form of ammonium nitrate as top dressing and 50 kg N/ha 20-25 days later as second top dressing. |
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