| Genome analysis of the genus Eremopyrum
Sadao SAKAMOTO National Institute of Genetics, Misima, Japan Morphological and cytogenetical studies of Eremopyrum, a genus of the tribe Triticeae, were carried out in 14 different interspecific hybrids among three strains of two diploid species, Er. buonapartis (SPRENG.) NEVSKI and Er. triticeum (GAERTN.) NEVSKI and nine strains of two tetraploid species, Er. buonapartis and Er. orientale (LINN.) JAUB. et SPACH. The main characteristics of the hybrids were as follows: (1) vigorous growth of hybrids, and normal tillering and flowering; (2) intermediate spikelet characters of the hybrids between parents; (3) very high pollen sterility and complete seed sterility in all hybrid combinations. Hybrids' average chromosome pairing per cell at MI of PMC's is shown in Table 1. From these data, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the genome of diploid Er. buonapartis is found in tetraploid Er. buonapartis; (2) the genome of diploid Er. triticeum occurs in Er. orientale;(3) a common genome is shared by tetraploid Er. buonapartis and Er. orientale. The morphological characteristics and chromosome pairing of F1 hybrids between the diploid species Er. distans (C. KOCH) NEVSKI and Er. triticeum had been previously examined (SAKAMOTO and MURAMATSU 1963). Also a karyotypical comparison had been previously carried out for diploid and tetraploid Er. buonapartis, Er. distans and Er. orienta1e (SAKAMOTO and MURAMATSU 1965). From those and the present studies, it is assumed that the tetraploid Er. buonapartis has originated from an amphidiploid between diploid Er. buonapartis and Er. distans, while the tetraploid Er. orientale was derived from an amphidiploid between Er. distans and Er. triticeum. (Received April 1, 1966) |